Table 3.

Unadjusted and adjusted models of linear regression between maternal dietary clusters during pregnancy and verbal, performance, and full scale of IQ at 8 years of age

	Verbal IQ				Performance IQ				Full‐scale IQ
	n	β	95% CI	p	n	β	95% CI	p	N	β	95% CI	p
Model 1—unadjusted	6,582				6,572				6,552
Fruit and vegetables		Reference				Reference				Reference
Meat and potatoes		−5.00	−6.05, −3.95	<.001		−3.77	−4.86, −2.68	<.001		−5.08	−6.11, −4.04	<.001
White bread and coffee		−8.34	−9.23, −7.45	<.001		−5.75	−6.67, −4.83	<.001		−8.13	−9.00, −7.25	<.001
Model 1—adjusteda	4,751				4,738				4,726
Fruit and vegetables		Reference				Reference				Reference
Meat and potatoes		−1.92	−3.11, −0.72	.002		−1.92	−3.18, −0.66	.003		−2.25	−3.41, −1.09	<.001
White bread and coffee		−3.51	−4.61, −2.41	<.001		−1.76	−2.92, −0.59	.003		−3.10	−4.18, −2.03	<.001
Model 2—unadjustedb	6,817				6,817				6,817
Fruit and vegetables		Reference				Reference				Reference
Meat and potatoes		−4.97	−6.01, −3.92	<.001		−3.68	−4.77, −2.60	<.001		−4.97	−6.00, −3.93	<.001
White bread and coffee		−8.35	−9.23, −7.46	<.001		−5.74	−6.66, −4.81	<.001		−8.09	−8.96, −7.21	<.001
Model 2—adjusteda, c	6,817				6,817				6,817
Fruit and vegetables		Reference				Reference				Reference
Meat and potatoes		−1.83	−2.84, −0.81	<.001		−1.46	−2.55, −0.38	.008		−1.90	−2.90, −0.90	<.001
White bread and coffee		−2.97	−3.89, −2.05	<.001		−1.62	−2.61, −0.63	.001		−2.67	−3.58, −1.76	<.001
Model 3—unadjustedd	12,039				12,039				12,039
Fruit and vegetables		Reference				Reference				Reference
Meat and potatoes		−5.46	−6.41, −4.52	<.001		−3.91	−4.89, −2.93	<.001		−5.38	−6.33, −4.43	<.001
White bread and coffee		−9.17	−10.03, −8.30	<.001		6.42	−7.29, −5.54	<.001		−8.94	−9.77, −8.10	<.001
Model 3—adjusteda, e	12,039				12,039				12,039
Fruit and vegetables		Reference				Reference				Reference
Meat and potatoes		−1.74	−2.65, −0.83	<.001		−1.26	−2.23, −0.28	.011		−1.74	−2.65, −0.83	<.001
White bread and coffee		−3.05	−3.95, −2.15	<.001		−1.75	−2.70, −0.80	<.001		−2.79	−3.66, −1.92	<.001

Note.

Model 1, all available data; Model 2, imputations for missing data of IQ and all confounders, only up to the sample for complete the IQ scale at 8 years and child neurodevelopment data assessed before 8 years of age, which were correlated to IQ; Model 3, imputations for missing data of IQ and all confounders.

^a All models were adjusted for maternal education, housing tenure, crowding at home, partner present, maternal age, maternal smoking in pregnancy, maternal alcohol use in pregnancy, parity, ethnic origin, prepregnancy BMI, breastfeeding, child sex, child's energy intake at 7 years of age, child's dietary patterns at 7 years of age, and child's age at IQ measurement.

Largest fraction of missing information:

^b Verbal IQ = 0.035, performance IQ = 0.045, full‐scale IQ = 0.041;

^c Verbal IQ = 0.175, performance IQ = 0.204, full‐scale IQ = 0.192;

^d Verbal IQ = 0.413, performance IQ = 0.389, full‐scale IQ = 0.384;

^e Verbal IQ = 0.735, performance IQ = 0.790, full‐scale IQ = 0.759.