Table 4.
REFLUX study: cost‐effectiveness according to ITT and alternative methods for estimating the CACE—incremental costs, QALYs and INB of surgery versus medicine
| Method | Estimate (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| Incremental cost | |
| ITT | 1103 (593, 1613) |
| Two‐stage least squares | 1899 (1073, 2724) |
| Three‐stage least squares | 1899 (1073, 2724) |
| uBN | 2960 (2026, 3998) |
| uBGN | 2176 (1356, 3031) |
| BFL | 2030 (1170, 2878) |
| Incremental QALYs | |
| ITT | 0.295 (0.002, 0.589) |
| Two‐stage least squares | 0.516 (0.103, 0.929) |
| Three‐stage least squares | 0.516 (0.103, 0.929) |
| uBN | 0.568 (0.181, 0.971 ) |
| uBGN | 0.268 (−0.229,0.759) |
| BFL | 0.511 (0.121,0.947) |
| INB | |
| ITT | 7763 (−1059,16585) |
| Two‐stage least squares | 13587 (1101, 26073) |
| Three‐stage least squares | 13587 (1002, 26173) |
| uBN | 14091 (2485, 26086) |
| uBGN | 5869 (−9204,20740) |
| BFL | 13340 (1406,26315) |
†The follow‐up period is 5 years, and treatment switches are defined within the first year post randomization. Costs and INB‐numbers have been rounded to the nearest integer. uBN, unadjusted Bayesian normal–normal model; uBGN, unadjusted Bayesian gamma–normal models.