Table 1.
Sample characteristics
| Nonusers | Khat-only users | Concurrent (tobacco and khat) users | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | |
|
|
|
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| (n = 66) | (n = 53) | (n = 30) | (n = 55) | (n = 39) | (n = 65) | |
| Demographic variables | ||||||
| Age (years)c | 22.1 (0.6) | 22.2 (0.7) | 25.2 (0.9) | 23.7 (0.7) | 25.5 (0.8) | 24.5 (0.6) |
| Height (cm)d | 153.2 (0.9) | 167.0 (1.0) | 155.1 (1.3) | 163.1 (0.9) | 150.2 (1.1) | 166.1 (0.9) |
| Weight (kg)d | 49.3 (1.2) | 59.6 (1.4) | 53.1 (1.8) | 56.5 (1.3) | 49.9 (1.6) | 57.4 (1.2) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.1 (0.5) | 21.3 (0.5) | 22.1 (0.7) | 21.3 (0.5) | 22.1 (0.6) | 20.8 (0.5) |
| Education (years)a | 11.4 (0.7) | 13.1 (0.8) | 12.8 (1.4) | 12.7 (0.8) | 9.0 (3.2) | 11.5 (0.8) |
| Sleep (average hours per day)a | 8.0 (0.3) | 7.2 (0.3) | 6.8 (0.6) | 6.9 (0.3) | 5.9 (0.8) | 6.8 (0.4) |
| Khat use | ||||||
| Age started (years)d | n/a | n/a | 17.1 (0.7) | 15.6 (0.5) | 18.4 (0.6) | 15.3 (0.5) |
| Daily use (%)d | n/a | n/a | 56.7 | 80.0 | 48.7 | 92.3 |
| Duration (years) | n/a | n/a | 5.3 (0.9) | 7.0 (0.7) | 5.8 (0.8) | 6.5 (0.6) |
| Length of use (h/session) c | n/a | n/a | 3.7 (0.4) | 4.9 (0.3) | 4.5 (0.3) | 5.9 (0.3) |
| Times (per week)d | n/a | n/a | 5.0 (0.3) | 5.9 (0.3) | 4.4 (0.3) | 6.5 (0.2) |
| Tobacco use | ||||||
| Daily tobacco use (%)d | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 33.3 | 67.7 |
| Duration (years) | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 4.3 (0.7) | 5.4 (0.5) |
| Cigarettes (per day)d | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 1.4 (1.0) | 13.5 (0.7) |
| Waterpipe (per day)b,d | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 2.0 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.2) |
n/a, not applicable.
a
Data collected in Sana’a component only.
b
Data collected in Taiz component only.
c
Group effect was significant.
d
Gender effect was significant.