. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 11.

Published in final edited form as: Biotechnol Bioeng. 2013 May 23;110(11):2949–2958. doi: 10.1002/bit.24953

Table I.

Enumeration of plasmid-free and plasmid-bearing biofilm cells of P. putida TUM-PP12 by EMC, FACS, and CLSM.

Method	Plasmid-free cells (cells/cm²)	Total cells (cells/cm²)	Plasmid loss (%)
EMC	(9.48 ± 1.30) × 10⁷	(8.12 ± 1.10) × 10⁸	11.38 ± 0.95
FACS	(8.73 ± 1.96) × 10⁷	(8.62 ± 0.84) × 10⁸	10.06 ± 1.94
CLSM	(11.4 ± 1.37) × 10⁷	(9.76 ± 0.89) × 10⁸	11.72 ± 1.43

EMC, epi-fluorescence microscopy counts. Enumeration of cells by direct counts from destructive samples using epi-fluorescent microscopy.

FACS, fluorescence activated cell sorting. Enumeration of cells by flow cytometry using the defined gates.

CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopy. Estimation of plasmid-free and plasmid-bearing cells by CLSM combined with quantitative image analysis.