Table 1.
Characteristics of the PDHS Sample and the OGTT Subsample
| Variable | OGTT Subsample n = 710 [IQR] |
Full HOMA Sample n = 1671 [IQR] |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60 [54–65] | 60 [54–66] |
| Male (%) | 65.4 | 64.4 |
| Race (%) | ||
| Caucasian | 59.7 | 61.8 |
| African American | 34.4 | 32.6 |
| Other | 5.9 | 5.6 |
| Hypertension (%) | 67.2 | 64.7 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 130 [21–141] | 130 [121–141] |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75 [71–82] | 76 [71–82] |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 71.8 | 70.2 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 88 [103–89] | 94 [77–116] |
| Tobacco, ever (%) | 55.9 | 58.7 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 6 [3–12] | 6 [2–10] |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.5 [28–37] | 32.0 [28–36] |
| ECG changes | ||
| Heart Rate (beats/min) | 68 [61–77] | 68 [62–77] |
| PR interval (msec) | 163 [148–180] | 162 [148–180] |
| QRS interval (msec) | 90 [84–96] | 90 [84–96] |
| QTc interval (msec) | 412 [401–425] | 414 [402–427] |
| BBB (%) | 5.9 | 6.6 |
| LVH (%) | 2.4 | 2.3 |
| Q waves (%) | 9.4 | 7.1 |
| ST changes (%) | 18.0 | 18.2 |
| Medications (%) | ||
| ACE-Inhibitor | 63.9 | 61.2 |
| Beta-blocker | 15.9 | 14.9 |
| Calcium Channel Blocker | 18.0 | 18.4 |
| Aspirin | 43.8 | 44.0 |
| Lipid lowering agenta | 64.4 | 61.1 |
| Statin | 59.9 | 56.3 |
| Insulin | 22.0 | 19.3 |
| Metformin | 68.3 | 64.6 |
| Sulfonylurea | 31.6 | 34.9 |
| Sitagliptin | 10.1 | 4.8 |
| Diabetic indices | ||
| HOMA-IR | 4.4 [2.9–7.1] | 4.3 [2.8–6.7] |
| HOMA-B% | 106.3 [66.5–175.6] | 105.2 [63.5–177.4] |
| Matsuda ISI | 2.5 [1.7–3.7] | - |
| IGI (μU/mL per mg/dL) | 0.2 [0.1–0.5] | - |
| Fasting insulin (μIU/mL) | 15.3 [10.6–23.6] | 14.8 [10.4–21.3] |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 117 [100–138] | 112 [93–134] |
| 2-hr Plasma Glucose (mg/dL) | 241 [189–296] | - |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 49 [42–56] | 50 [43–61] |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.5 [6–7.3] | 6.6 [6.1–7.3] |
Characteristics of the study sample are presented. Data are presented as median [IQR] or as percentages, except as indicated. MISI and IGI could not be calculated for subjects who did not undergo OGTT testing. 2-hour plasma glucose values were only available for the OGTT subsample.
a
Includes statin use
Abbreviations: BMI=body mass index, BBB=bundle branch block, LVH=left ventricular hypertrophy, BBB=bundle branch block, OGTT=oral glucose tolerance testing, HOMA-IR=homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-B=homeostatic model assessment of beta-cell function, Matsuda ISI=Matsuda insulin sensitivity index, IGI=Insulinogenic Index, HbA1c=hemoglobin A1c