Table 3.
Association of Insulin Sensitivity Metrics (A, B, C), and of Metrics of Pancreatic Beta-cell Function (D, E, F) with Electrocardiographic changes
| Pathologic Q waves | LVH | ST Changes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | |
| A. Ln-MISIa (per one SD increment) | D. Inv-IGI a | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.64 | 0.49–0.84 | 0.64 | 0.37–1.08 | 0.81 | 0.67–0.99 |
| Model 2 | 0.65 | 0.48–0.87 | 0.65 | 0.36–1.17 | 0.81 | 0.66–1.00 |
| Model 3 | 0.59 | 0.43–0.80 | 0.50 | 0.25–0.98 | 0.78 | 0.62–0.98 |
| B. Ln-HOMA-IR a (per one SD increment) | E. Ln-HOMA-B a | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.51 | 1.16–1.98 | 1.64 | 1.00–2.68 | 0.76 | 0.57–1.01 |
| Model 2 | 1.56 | 1.16–2.10 | 1.72 | 0.98–3.01 | 0.79 | 0.58–1.08 |
| Model 3 | 1.75 | 1.26–2.43 | 2.28 | 1.17–4.43 | 0.82 | 0.60–1.13 |
| C. Ln-HOMA-IRb (per one SD increment) | F. Ln-HOMA-B c | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.42 | 1.16–1.74 | 1.77 | 1.26–2.50 | 0.90 | 0.76–1.07 |
| Model 2 | 1.36 | 1.09–1.70 | 1.86 | 1.27–2.69 | 0.88 | 0.74–1.06 |
| Model 3 | 1.43 | 1.13–1.81 | 1.96 | 1.30–2.89 | 0.90 | 0.75–1.08 |
OGTT Subsample (n=710);
Total Sample (n=1671); Participants on insulin therapy were excluded for analyses of HOMA-B leaving n=1334 for full sample and n=554 for OGTT sub-sample
Adjusted for:
Model 1: age, gender, race
Model 2: Model 1 plus history of hypertension, duration of diabetes, FRS, BMI, mean SBP, mean DBP, LDL-C
Model 3: Model 2 plus medications (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE-inhibitors, aspirin, insulin, metformin, sulfonylureas, sitagliptin, and lipid lowering agents)
Abbreviations: OR=Odds Ratio, CI=Confidence Interval, SD=standard deviations, Q=pathologic Q waves, LVH=left ventricular hypertrophy, Ln-MISI=natural log transformed matsuda sensitivity index, Ln-HOMA-IR=natural log transformed homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance