Table 2.
Adjusteda Association of Air Pollutant Exposure During Entire Pregnancy and Year 1 of Life with VABS, MSEL, and CSS Scores
| Time | Score | Air Pollutant Exposureb (N=325) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||
| NO2 | 95% CI | O3 | 95% CI | PM10 | 95% CI | PM2.5 | 95% CI | NRAP | 95% CI | ||
| Prenatal | VABS Composite Score | −11.0% | (−17.0%, −1.45%)* | −0.91% | (−8.74%, 6.98%) | 4.41% | (−8.13%, 17.1%) | −4.49% | (−14.9%, 6.12%) | −0.48% | (−9.26%, 8.32%) |
| VABS Communication Subscale | −13.3% | (−23.7%, −2.71%)* | 0.23% | (−8.75%, 9.28%) | 4.61% | (−9.75%, 19.1%) | −4.24% | (−16.2%, 7.93%) | −1.25% | (−11.3%, 8.83%) | |
| VABS Dependent Living Subscale | −7.60% | (−15.8%, 0.69%) | −1.91% | (−8.87%, 5.08%) | 3.93% | (−7.21%, 15.2%) | −1.31% | (−10.7%, 8.15%) | 1.13% | (−6.66%, 8.95%) | |
| VABS Socialization Subscale | −9.60% | (−18.6%, −0.43%)* | 1.60% | (−6.13%, 9.38%) | 4.64% | (−7.71%, 17.1%) | −4.12% | (−14.4%, 6.33%) | −2.71% | (−11.3%, 5.94%) | |
| VABS Motor Skills Subscale | −3.49 | (−7.64, 0.65) | −0.91 | (−4.38, 2.56) | 1.61 | (−3.94, 7.15) | −2.35 | (−7.02, 2.33) | 0.70 | (−3.18, 4.58) | |
| MSEL Composite DQ | −7.47 | (−12.7, −2.21)* | −0.06 | (−2.78, 2.66) | 0.47 | (−3.67, 4.62) | −4.30 | (−10.1, 1.53) | −0.68 | (−1.91, 0.56) | |
| MSEL Verbal DQ | −9.72 | (−15.7, −3.72)* | 0.18 | (−4.90, 5.27) | −0.95 | (−9.07, 7.18) | −6.08 | (−12.9, 0.74) | −4.60 | (−10.3, 1.06) | |
| MSEL Non Verbal DQ | −5.21 | (−10.3, −0.12)* | −0.39 | (−4.66, 3.88) | 2.56 | (−4.25, 9.38) | −2.72 | (−8.47, 3.03) | −0.81 | (−5.58, 3.96) | |
| ADOS CSS | 0.15 | (−0.23, 0.52) | −0.39 | (−4.66, 3.88) | 0.22 | (−0.27, 0.72) | 0.05 | (−0.36, 0.47) | 0.11 | (−0.23, 0.46) | |
|
|
|||||||||||
| Year 1 | VABS composite score | −14.6% | (−20.9%, −3.71%)* | 0.91% | (−11.4%, 13.4%) | −3.75% | (−18.7%, 11.3%) | −8.74% | (−22.7%, 5.48%) | 1.50% | (−7.48%, 10.5%) |
| VABS Communication Subscale | −18.0% | (−29.5%, −6.38%)* | 5.14% | (−9.02%, 19.5%) | −7.14% | (−24.1%, 10.1%) | −10.69% | (−26.6%, 5.55%) | 0.95% | (−9.32%, 11.3%) | |
| VABS Dependent Living Subscale | −10.6% | (−19.6%, −1.38%)* | −1.54% | (−12.5%, 9.51%) | −7.14% | (−20.3%, 6.20%) | −10.04% | (−22.4%, 2.53%) | 3.01% | (−4.96%, 11.0%) | |
| VABS Socialization Subscale | −11.7% | (−21.7%, −1.51%)* | 3.86% | (−8.32%, 16.2%) | 5.57% | (−9.20%, 20.5%) | 2.89% | (−11.1%, 17.1%) | −3.62% | (−12.4%, 5.22%) | |
| VABS Motor Skills Subscale | −4.45 | (−9.06, 0.16) | −0.82 | (−6.29, 4.65) | −0.15 | (−6.79, 6.49) | −3.39 | (−9.68, 2.90) | 1.90 | (−2.06, 5.86) | |
| MSEL Composite DQ | −9.62 | (−15.4, −3.81)* | 1.43 | (−2.85, 5.71) | −1.12 | (−6.08, 3.83) | −3.68 | (−11.5, 4.17) | −0.49 | (−1.76, 0.77) | |
| MSEL Verbal DQ | −11.8 | (−18.4, −5.12)* | 3.36 | (−4.62, 11.4) | −4.41 | (−14.1, 5.27) | −6.74 | (−15.9, 2.42) | −2.67 | (−8.46, 3.11) | |
| MSEL Non Verbal DQ | −7.48 | (−13.1, −1.84)* | 1.30 | (−5.42, 8.03) | 0.58 | (−7.59, 8.74) | −0.79 | (−8.53, 6.96) | −1.28 | (−6.16, 3.59) | |
| ADOS CSS | 0.26 | (−0.15, 0.67) | −0.13 | (−0.61, 0.36) | −0.09 | (−0.68, 0.50) | −0.05 | (−0.61, 0.51) | 0.17 | (−0.18, 0.53) | |
a
All models were adjusted for sex, max education in the home, referral center, race, mother’s age, prenatal smoking, season of conception and home ownership
b
Pollutant effects were scaled to 2 SD of the distribution of the pregnancy average exposure: 6.82 ppb for NO2, 11.1 ppb for O3, 11.6 µg/m3 for PM10, 6.97 µg/m3 for PM2.5, and 27.3 ppb for NRAP
*
p<0.05