Table 3.
Adjusteda Associations of Trimester-specific Air Pollutant Exposure with VABS, MSEL, and CSS Scores
| Prenatal Air Pollutant Exposureb (N=325) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO2 | 95% CI | O3 | 95% CI | PM10 | 95% CI | PM2.5 | 95% CI | NRAP | 95% CI | ||
| First Trimester | VABS Composite score | −7.56% | (−11.9%, −0.80%)* | −2.19% | (−6.85%, 2.49%) | −0.80% | (−8.26%, 6.71%) | −0.35% | (−5.17%, 4.51%) | −0.96% | (−9.03%, 7.12%) |
| VABS Communication Subscale | −8.57% | (−16.0%, −1.01%)* | −1.78% | (−7.12%, 3.58%) | 0.49% | (−8.05%, 9.10%) | −0.03% | (−5.55%, 5.53%) | −1.87% | (−11.1%, 7.38%) | |
| VABS Dependent Living Subscale | −5.09% | (−11.0%, 0.81%) | −2.03% | (−6.17%, 2.12%) | −1.82% | (−8.44%, 4.84%) | −0.07% | (−4.35%, 4.24%) | −0.26% | (−7.42%, 6.92%) | |
| VABS Socialization Subscale | −8.40% | (−14.8%, −1.92%)* | −0.36% | (−4.96%, 4.26%) | −1.11% | (−8.45%, 6.28%) | −1.57% | (−6.30%, 3.20%) | −4.40% | (−12.3%, 3.53%) | |
| VABS Motor Skills Subscale | −2.21 | (−5.16, 0.73) | −1.06 | (−3.13, 1.00) | −0.37 | (−3.67, 2.93) | −0.22 | (−2.36, 1.91) | 1.25 | (−2.31, 4.81) | |
| MSEL Composite DQ | −4.92 | (−8.65, −1.19)* | −0.32 | (−1.94, 1.29) | −0.67 | (−3.14, 1.79) | −1.37 | (−4.03, 1.29) | −0.49 | (−1.63, 0.64) | |
| MSEL Verbal DQ | −6.30 | (−10.6, −2.04)* | 0.08 | (−2.94, 3.10) | −1.61 | (−6.43, 3.21) | −1.99 | (−5.10, 1.12) | −3.82 | (−9.01, 1.36) | |
| MSEL Non Verbal DQ | −3.53 | (−7.15, 0.08) | −1.13 | (−3.67, 1.41) | −0.70 | (−4.76, 3.36) | −0.81 | (−3.44, 1.81) | −0.12 | (−4.50, 4.26) | |
| ADOS CSS | −0.03 | (−0.29, 0.24) | 0.04 | (−0.14, 0.23) | −0.11 | (−0.41, 0.18) | −0.06 | (−0.25, 0.13) | 0.07 | (−0.25, 0.39) | |
| Second Trimester | VABS Composite score | −7.93% | (−13.1%, −0.23%)* | −1.31% | (−5.54%, 2.94%) | −2.58% | (−10.7%, 5.56%) | −2.17% | (−8.23%, 3.93%) | 1.44% | (−6.65%, 9.55%) |
| VABS Communication Subscale | −8.43% | (−17.1%, 0.35%) | −0.55% | (−5.40%, 4.31%) | −2.05% | (−11.3%, 7.28%) | −1.47% | (−8.40%, 5.54%) | 1.78% | (−7.47%, 11.1%) | |
| VABS Dependent Living Subscale | −5.83% | (−12.6%, 1.00%) | −1.22% | (−4.98%, 2.55%) | 0.74% | (−6.46%, 7.99%) | −0.65% | (−6.04%, 4.79%) | 2.03% | (−5.15%, 9.22%) | |
| VABS Socialization Subscale | −8.05% | (−15.5%, −0.52%)* | −0.17% | (−4.34%, 4.02%) | −3.62% | (−11.6%, 4.37%) | −2.39% | (−8.34%, 3.62%) | −0.91% | (−8.86%, 7.06%) | |
| VABS Motor Skills Subscale | −2.40 | (−5.81, 1.01) | −0.84 | (−2.71, 1.03) | −0.64 | (−4.23, 2.95) | −0.83 | (−3.52, 1.86) | 1.12 | (−2.44, 4.69) | |
| MSEL Composite DQ | −4.94 | (−9.27, −0.61)* | −0.20 | (−1.67, 1.26) | −0.71 | (−3.39, 1.97) | −1.08 | (−4.43, 2.28) | −0.29 | (−1.43, 0.84) | |
| MSEL Verbal DQ | −6.15 | (−11.1, −1.20)* | −0.34 | (−3.08, 2.39) | −1.89 | (−7.12, 3.35) | −1.45 | (−5.38, 2.48) | −2.21 | (−7.42, 2.99) | |
| MSEL Non Verbal DQ | −3.73 | (−7.92, 0.46) | −0.32 | (−2.62, 1.98) | −0.55 | (−4.96, 3.86) | −0.75 | (−4.06, 2.56) | −0.14 | (−4.53, 4.25) | |
| ADOS CSS | 0.11 | (−0.19, 0.42) | 0.11 | (−0.06, 0.28) | 0.21 | (−0.11, 0.53) | 0.02 | (−0.22, 0.26) | 0.03 | (−0.29, 0.35) | |
| Third Trimester | VABS Composite score | −1.76% | (−6.93%, 4.01%) | 3.60% | (−1.24%, 8.46%) | 8.24% | (1.31%, 15.2%)* | −0.91% | (−5.96%, 4.18%) | 0.88% | (−6.81%, 8.60%) |
| VABS Communication Subscale | −3.29% | (−10.7%, 4.15%) | 3.41% | (−2.13%, 8.98%) | 7.36% | (−0.60%, 15.4%) | −1.19% | (−6.97%, 4.64%) | −0.17% | (−8.97%, 8.66%) | |
| VABS Dependent Living Subscale | −1.62% | (−7.36%, 4.17%) | 2.15% | (−2.15%, 6.47%) | 5.26% | (−0.91%, 11.5%) | −0.78% | (−5.28%, 3.74%) | 2.06% | (−4.78%, 8.91%) | |
| VABS Socialization Subscale | 1.48% | (−4.90%, 7.91%) | 2.84% | (−1.92%, 7.62%) | 10.1% | (3.31%, 16.9%)* | 1.12% | (−3.87%, 6.14%) | −0.82% | (−8.38%, 6.76%) | |
| VABS Motor Skills Subscale | −0.92 | (−3.78, 1.95) | 1.37 | (−0.77, 3.50) | 2.56 | (−0.50, 5.62) | −0.71 | (−2.95, 1.53) | 1.03 | (−2.37, 4.43) | |
| MSEL Composite DQ | −1.81 | (−5.46, 1.84) | 0.53 | (−1.14, 2.21) | 1.70 | (−0.59, 3.98) | −0.40 | (−3.20, 2.39) | −0.60 | (−1.68, 0.48) | |
| MSEL Verbal DQ | −2.59 | (−6.76, 1.59) | 0.35 | (−2.77, 3.47) | 2.28 | (−2.19, 6.76) | −0.43 | (−3.70, 2.84) | −2.74 | (−7.69, 2.21) | |
| MSEL Non Verbal DQ | −1.03 | (−4.56, 2.50) | 1.40 | (−1.23, 4.02) | 3.52 | (−0.24, 7.28) | −0.40 | (−3.15, 2.36) | −2.10 | (−6.27, 2.08) | |
| ADOS CSS | 0.15 | (−0.10, 0.41) | −0.06 | (−0.25, 0.13) | 0.17 | (−0.11, 0.44) | 0.12 | (−0.08, 0.32) | 0.18 | (−0.12, 0.49) | |
a
All models were adjusted for sex, max education in the home, referral center, race, mother’s age, prenatal smoking, season of conception and home ownership
b
Pollutant effects were scaled to 2 SD of the distribution of the pregnancy average exposure: 6.82 ppb for NO2, 11.1 ppb for O3, 11.6 µg/m3 for PM10, 6.97 µg/m3 for PM2.5, and 27.3 ppb for NRAP
*
p<0.05