Table 2.
Murine Models: Pathophysiology of Hypertension-Associated HFpEF Based on the Existing Literature
| Findings in Hypertension-Associated Human HFpEF (15) | Aldosterone- Infused Mouse | Angiotensin II–Infused Mouse | Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rat | DOCA Salt Rat | Transverse Aortic Constriction Mouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elevated blood pressure | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Fatigue/exercise intolerance | Yes | N/A | Yes | N/A | Yes |
| Pulmonary congestion | Yes | N/A | Yes | N/A | Yes |
| Concentric hypertrophy or increased LV mass | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Impaired active relaxation | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Impaired passive filling | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Enlarged left atrium | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | Yes |
| Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Myocardial fibrosis | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Decreased intra-myocardial capillary density | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A |
| Increased biomarkers such as NT-proBNP, BNP, and troponin | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
BNP = brain natriuretic peptide; LV = left ventricular; N/A = not available; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide; other abbreviation as in Table 1.