Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study population, stratified by sex.
| Variable | Women (N = 520) | Men (N = 437) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 50.0 (41.0; 59.0) | 50.0 (40.0; 60.0) | 0.90 |
| Total testosterone, nmol/L | 0.8 (0.6; 1.0) | 17.4 (14.5; 20.7) | < 0.01 |
| Androstenedione, nmol/L | 2.3 (1.7; 3.4) | 2.8 (2.1; 3.7) | < 0.01 |
| DHEAS, mg/L | 1.0 (0.7; 1.5) | 1.7 (1.0; 2.5) | < 0.01 |
| Estrone, nmol/L | 119.5 (72.8; 228.0) | 114.5 (94.3; 145.8) | 0.34 |
| Estradiol, nmol/L | 216.8 (70.9; 429.5) | 76.8 (60.6; 91.2) | < 0.01 |
| SHBG, nmol/L | 55.7 (42.1; 79.5) | 36.1 (29.3; 45.7) | < 0.01 |
| Leptin, ng/ml | 17.8 (10.9; 28.1) | 6.2 (3.5; 9.2) | < 0.01 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.9 (23.1; 29.3) | 27.6 (25.0; 29.9) | < 0.01 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 80.5 (73.8; 89.0) | 94 (86.2; 101.5) | < 0.01 |
| Waist-to-hip-ratio | 0.82 (0.78; 0.86) | 0.93 (0.88; 0.97) | < 0.01 |
| Subcutaneous fat, L | 8.0 (6.1; 10.8) | 6.1 (4.7; 8.1) | < 0.01 |
| Visceral fat, L | 2.4 (1.7; 3.6) | 4.9 (2.9; 6.9) | < 0.01 |
| Current smoking, % | 22.1 | 22.9 | < 0.01 |
| Physical inactive, % | 26.4 | 27.0 | 0.82 |
| Oral contraceptive use, % | 15.4 | - | - |
| Hormone replacement therapy, % | 5.0 | - | - |
| Hypertension, % | 66.7 | 56.1 | < 0.01 |
| T2DM, % | 0.8 | 2.1 | 0.09 |
| Metabolic syndrome, % | 16.4 | 26.8 | < 0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 116.5 (107.5; 127.5) | 129.5 (121.0; 140.0) | < 0.01 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 74.0 (68.5; 79.5) | 78.5 (72.5; 85.0) | < 0.01 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.5 (4.9; 6.2) | 5.4 (4.6; 6.1) | 0.02 |
| Total triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.4 (0.8; 1.6) | 1.3 (0.9; 1.9) | < 0.01 |
| Serum glucose, mmol/L | 5.1 (4.9; 5.5) | 5.4 (5.1; 5.8) | < 0.01 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.1 (4.8; 5.5) | 5.2 (4.9; 5.6) | < 0.01 |
Continuous data are expressed as median (25th and 75th percentiles; nominal data are given as percentages. χ2-test (nominal data) or Kruskal-Wallis test (interval data) were performed. DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.