Table 9. The top 20 consumed plants in Italy by sex and agea,b.
| ITALY | MALE | FEMALE | 18–59 yrs | > 60 yrs | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latin name | Common name | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| 1 | Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. | Aloe vera | 44 | 11.6 | 27 | 14.4 | 17 | 8.9 | 24 | 8.5 | 20 | 21.3 |
| 2 | Foeniculum vulgare Mill | Fennel | 29 | 7.7 | 12 | 6.4 | 17 | 8.9 | 20 | 7.0 | 9 | 9.6 |
| 3 | Valeriana officinalis L. | Valerian | 29 | 7.7 | 14 | 7.5 | 15 | 7.9 | 25 | 8.8 | 4 | 4.3 |
| 4 | Panax ginseng C.A. Mey | Ginseng | 28 | 7.4 | 20 | 10.7 | 8 | 4.2 | 24 | 8.5 | 4 | 4.3 |
| 5 | Vaccinium myrtillus L. | Blueberry | 28 | 7.4 | 13 | 7.0 | 15 | 7.9 | 23 | 8.1 | 5 | 5.3 |
| 6 | Passiflora incarnata L. | Purple passion flower | 26 | 6.9 | 12 | 6.4 | 14 | 7.3 | 19 | 6.7 | 7 | 7.4 |
| 7 | Melissa officinalis L. | Lemon balm | 25 | 6.6 | 16 | 8.6 | 9 | 4.7 | 23 | 8.1 | 2 | 2.1 |
| 8 | Paullinia cupana Kunth | Guarana | 23 | 6.1 | 14 | 7.5 | 9 | 4.7 | 20 | 7.0 | 3 | 3.2 |
| 9 | Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg | Dandelion | 21 | 5.6 | 9 | 4.8 | 12 | 6.3 | 19 | 6.7 | 2 | 2.1 |
| 10 | Cynara scolymus L. | Globe artichoke | 20 | 5.3 | 9 | 4.8 | 11 | 5.6 | 14 | 4.9 | 6 | 6.4 |
| 11 | Senna alexandrina Mill. | Alexandrian senna | 19 | 5.0 | 9 | 4.8 | 10 | 5.2 | 14 | 4.9 | 5 | 5.3 |
| 12 | Ginkgo biloba L. | Ginkgo | 17 | 4.5 | 8 | 4.3 | 9 | 4.7 | 12 | 4.2 | 5 | 5.3 |
| 13 | Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. | Spadeleaf | 15 | 4.0 | 7 | 3.7 | 8 | 4.2 | 12 | 4.2 | 3 | 3.2 |
| 14 | Rosa canina L. | Dog rose | 15 | 4.0 | 5 | 2.7 | 10 | 5.2 | 11 | 3.9 | 4 | 4.3 |
| 15 | Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. | Milk thisle | 15 | 4.0 | 11 | 5.9 | 4 | 2.1 | 8 | 2.8 | 7 | 7.4 |
| 16 | Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim | Siberian ginseng | 14 | 3.7 | 11 | 5.9 | 3 | 1.6 | 12 | 4.2 | 2 | 2.1 |
| 17 | Glycyrrhiza glabra L. | Licorice | 14 | 3.7 | 4 | 2.1 | 10 | 5.2 | 10 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.3 |
| 18 | Malpighia glabra L. | Wild crapemyrtle | 14 | 3.7 | 9 | 4.8 | 5 | 2.6 | 13 | 4.6 | 1 | 1.1 |
| 19 | Cuminum cyminum L. | Cumin | 13 | 3.4 | 5 | 2.7 | 8 | 4.2 | 10 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.2 |
| 20 | Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) DC. ex Meisn | Devil's claw | 13 | 3.4 | 6 | 3.2 | 7 | 3.7 | 6 | 2.1 | 7 | 7.4 |
| Total consumers' samples | n = 378 | n = 187 | n = 191 | n = 284 | n = 94 | |||||||
agrey cells indicate the botanicals in the three first positions
bsince PFS can contain more than one ingredient, the total counts are higher than the total PFS referred; percentages refers to the total consumers' samples