Table 3. Adjusted odd ratios for incident diabetes according to sex, BMI, tobacco and alcohol consumption, comorbidity, and healthy eating and physical activity indices among blacks and whites.

	Black		White
	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value	p-interactiona
Sex
Female vs male	0.74 (0.67–0.82)	<0.0001	0.75 (0.62–0.90)	0.002	0.02
BMI		<0.0001		<0.0001	<0.0001
< 25	Ref		Ref
25–29.9	1.76 (1.51–2.05)		2.74 (1.99–3.76)
30–34.9	2.43 (2.07–2.84)		4.95 (3.60–6.79)
35–35.9	3.25 (2.74–3.87)		9.10 (6.50–12.73)
> = 40	3.97 (3.33–4.75)		11.87 (8.38–16.82)
Education		<0.0001		<0.0001	0.02
< High school	Ref		Ref
High school/vocational	0.82 (0.74–0.92)		0.73 (0.60–0.90)
> = High school	0.67 (0.59–0.77)		0.57 (0.45–0.72)
Income		0.13		0.11	0.02
< $15,000	Ref		Ref
$15,000-$24,999	1.04 (0.93–1.16)		0.92 (0.74–1.14)
> = $25,000	0.89 (0.78–1.03)		0.77 (0.60–0.98)
Insurance coverage		0.67		0.02	0.02
No insurance	Ref		Ref
Medicaid/Medicare	1.03 (0.92–1.15)		0.74 (0.61–0.91)
Other	0.97 (0.86–1.10)		0.84 (0.66–1.06)
Smoking status		0.004		0.0006	0.55
Never	Ref		Ref
Former	1.13 (1.00–1.27)		1.03 (0.84–1.26)
Current	1.21 (1.08–1.35)		1.46 (1.18–1.80)
Alcohol consumption		0.10		0.01	0.01
Non-drinker	Ref		Ref
<1 per day	0.95 (0.85–1.05)		0.88 (0.73–1.05)
≥1 per day	0.87 (0.76–0.99)		0.66 (0.50–0.87)
High cholesterol		0.006		<0.0001	0.11
No	Ref		Ref
Yes, with statin	1.22 (1.06–1.40)		1.55 (1.27–1.90)
Yes, otherwise	1.14 (1.02–1.29)		1.13 (0.92–1.40)
Hypertension
Yes vs No	1.90 (1.72–2.10)	<0.0001	1.65 (1.38–1.96)	<0.0001	0.54
Healthy eating index (HEI10)		0.37		0.78	0.81
Q1	Ref		Ref
Q2	1.06 (0.93–1.20)		1.00 (0.81–1.24)
Q3	1.00 (0.88–1.14)		1.08 (0.86–1.35)
Q4	0.94 (0.82–1.08)		0.95 (0.74–1.22)
TotalActivityMetHr		0.03		0.35	0.89
Q1	Ref		Ref
Q2	0.88 (0.78–0.99)		0.87 (0.70–1.08)
Q3	0.89 (0.78–1.01)		0.90 (0.72–1.12)
Q4	0.83 (0.73–0.94)		0.81 (0.64–1.03)

^a Interaction with race, tested individually for each covariate.