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. 2018 Jan 11;13(1):e0191040. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191040

Fig 3. VEGF treatment suppresses M1 markers and induces M2 markers in polarized macrophages.

Fig 3

A, qPCR analysis of M0, M1, and M2 cells shows that all three express both VEGF receptors 1 (VEGFR1) and 2 (VEGFR2). Note the highly significant increase in expression of VEGFR1 in M1 cells. B, initial dose-response study showing the effect of increasing concentrations of rhVEGF (0.1–20 μg/mL). VEGF induces an upregulation of M2 markers and downregulation of M1 markers in THP1-derived M1 cells, with highest response seen at 4 μg/mL. C-D, VEGF treatment at 4 μg/mL caused an increase in M2 markers and a decrease in M1 markers in both THP1-derived M1 (C) and M2 (D) macrophages. Graphs represent means ± standard errors; * = p < 0.05, ** = p <0.01.