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. 2018 Jan 11;13(1):e0191040. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191040

Fig 4. Decidual endometrial stromal cells produce VEGF and stimulate M2 macrophage polarization.

Fig 4

A, qPCR analysis of VEGF mRNA expression in decidualized and non-decidualized stromal cells. VEGF expression is highly significantly increased following decidualization. B, expression of M1 and M2 mRNA markers following treatment with conditioned medium from decidualized/non-decidualized stromal cells, with or without the VEGF inhibitor sFlt1. Decidualized stromal cell conditioned medium induces a significant decrease in all M1 markers and a significant increase in all M2 markers, but the effect of the conditioned medium on M2 markers was abrogated by sFlt1 treatment, suggesting a potential role for VEGF in M2 polarization. Graphs represent means ±standard errors; * = p < 0.05 compared to controls; # = p<0.05 compared to decidualization medium; **** = p <0.0001.