Table 2. Incidence rates of endpoints and 3-year Kaplan-Meier estimates in a national sample of people with and without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
| People with HCM N = 1,160 |
People without HCM N = 11,304 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of incident events | Rate / 1000 PY (95% CI) |
3 year Kaplan-Meier estimates as % (95% CI) |
No. of incident events | Rate / 1000 PY (95% CI) |
3 year Kaplan-Meier estimates as % (95% CI) |
|
| Endpoints with known association | ||||||
| Ventricular arrhythmia | 39 | 8.32 (6.09–11.40) | 2.27 (1.42–3.61) | 18 | 0.31 (0.20–0.49) | 0.08 (0.04–0.17) |
| Cardiac arrest or SCD | 34 | 7.18 (5.13–10.05) | 2.15 (1.33–3.46) | 56 | 0.97 (0.74–1.26) | 0.23 (0.15–0.35) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 133 | 35.12 (29.63–41.62) | 9.41 (7.41–11.92) | 488 | 8.70 (7.96–9.50) | 2.31 (2.02–2.65) |
| Heart failure | 103 | 25.29 (20.85–30.68) | 6.67 (5.00–8.87) | 367 | 6.43 (5.80–7.12) | 1.84 (1.58–2.15) |
| Transient ischaemic attack | 27 | 5.87 (4.03–8.57) | 2.03 (1.22–3.37) | 155 | 2.70 (2.31–3.16) | 0.78 (0.62–0.99) |
| Stroke | 52 | 11.24 (8.56–14.75) | 2.81 (1.83–4.31) | 324 | 5.66 (5.08–6.31) | 1.56 (1.32–1.84) |
| Endpoints with lack of previous evidence | ||||||
| Stable angina | 83 | 25.40 (20.48–31.50) | 8.93 (6.86–11.59) | 449 | 8.01 (7.31–8.79) | 2.48 (2.17–2.83) |
| Unstable angina | 44 | 9.95 (7.41–13.38) | 2.61 (1.66–4.09) | 158 | 2.75 (2.36–3.22) | 0.81 (0.64–1.03) |
| Myocardial infarction | 44 | 9.93 (7.39–13.34) | 2.29 (1.40–3.74) | 276 | 4.82 (4.28–5.42) | 1.34 (1.12–1.61) |
| Coronary heart disease NOS | 120 | 34.48 (28.83–41.24) | 9.88 (7.74–12.57) | 617 | 10.93 (10.10–11.83) | 2.83 (1.50–3.20) |
| Unheralded coronary death | 13 | 2.67 (1.55–4.59) | 1.10 (0.54–2.20) | 133 | 2.30 (1.94–2.72) | 0.64 (0.49–0.83) |
| Coronary revascularisation | 32 | 6.86 (4.85–9.70) | 1.84 (1.11–3.06) | 170 | 2.96 (2.55–3.44) | 0.77 (0.61–0.98) |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 28 | 5.95 (4.11–8.62) | 1.50 (0.83–2.71) | 147 | 2.56 (2.18–3.01) | 0.65 (0.50–0.84) |
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm | 10 | 2.07 (1.11–3.85) | 0.25 (0.06–1.00) | 64 | 1.11 (0.87–1.42) | 0.24 (0.16–0.37) |
| DVT or PE | 24 | 5.10 (3.42–7.61) | 0.89 (0.71–1.11) | 206 | 3.63 (3.17–4.17) | 2.27 (1.42–3.61) |
| Plausible trial composites | ||||||
| All cause death | 239 | 49.12 (43.27–55.76) | 14.16 (11.98–16.70) | 1,307 | 22.59 (21.40–23.85) | 5.83 (5.37–6.34) |
| CVD death, stroke or MI | 115 | 26.25 (21.86–31.51) | 8.38 (6.58–10.64) | 496 | 8.70 (7.97–9.50) | 2.40 (2.09–2.74) |
| CVD death or heart failure | 110 | 27.06 (22.45–32.62) | 8.78 (6.86–11.21) | 516 | 9.04 (8.29–9.85) | 2.46 (2.16–2.81) |
| Transient ischaemic attack or stroke | 67 | 15.10 (11.89–19.19) | 4.14 (2.90–5.90) | 430 | 7.56 (6.88–8.31) | 2.12 (1.83–2.44) |
| Non-cardiovascular death | 109 | 22.39 (18.56–27.01) | 6.63 (5.11–8.59) | 859 | 14.84 (13.89–15.87) | 3.87 (3.48–4.29) |
| Trial safety endpoints | ||||||
| Major bleeding | 20 | 4.12 (2.66–6.39) | 1.47 (0.83–2.59) | 92 | 1.59 (1.30–1.95) | 0.39 (0.28–0.55) |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 91 | 21.84 (17.79–26.83) | 5.99 (4.47–7.99) | 589 | 11.04 (10.18–11.97) | 3.08 (2.72–3.48) |
Note: CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; MI, myocardial infarction; PE, pulmonary embolism; SCD, sudden cardiac death. Non-disease estimates are obtained among up to 10 randomly selected patients without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy matched for sex, age, medical practice and index date; PY, person-years of follow-up.