Fig 1. Networks of heterogeneous inhibitory neurons with fast synaptic kinetics (τ_d = 5 ms) display macroscopic oscillations in the gamma range (ING oscillations) due to collective synchronization.

Panels (a) and (c) show the time series of the synaptic variable S (red) and mean firing rate R (blue), and the raster plot of a population of N = 1000 inhibitory Wang-Buzsáki neurons [30] with first order fast synaptic kinetics. The oscillations are suppressed considering slow inhibitory synapses (τ_d = 50 ms), as shown in Panels (b) and (d). See Materials and methods for details on the numerical simulations.