Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants
| Data (n=498 822) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Adiposity | |||
| Waist circumference, cm | 90·3 (13·5) | ||
| Range | 20 to 197 | ||
| Data missing | 2110 (0·4%) | ||
| Body-mass index, kg/m2 | 27·4 (4·8) | ||
| Range | 13 to 68 | ||
| Data missing | 10 014 (2·0%) | ||
| Body fat | 31·5% (8·5) | ||
| Range | 5% to 70% | ||
| Data missing | 10 286 (2·1%) | ||
| Environment | |||
| Physical activity environment | |||
| Number of facilities in 1000 m buffer | 1 (0 to 3) | ||
| 0 | 150 211 (31·2%) | ||
| 1 | 96 031 (20·0%) | ||
| 2 to 3 | 114 693 (23·8%) | ||
| 4 to 5 | 58 217 (12·1%) | ||
| ≥6 | 61 978 (12·9%) | ||
| Range | 0 to 39 | ||
| Data missing | 17 692 (3·5%) | ||
| Fast-food environment | |||
| Distance to nearest outlet, m | 1136 (615 to 2197) | ||
| <500 m | 88 804 (18·5%) | ||
| 500 m to 999 m | 124 698 (25·9%) | ||
| 1000 m to 1999 m | 133 401 (27·7%) | ||
| ≥2000 m | 134 180 (27·9%) | ||
| Range | 0 to 96 538 | ||
| Data missing | 17 719 (3·6%) | ||
| Covariates | |||
| Age, years* | 56·5 (8·1) | ||
| Range | 40 to 70 | ||
| Data missing | 15 (0·0%) | ||
| Sex | |||
| Female | 271 384 (54·4%) | ||
| Male | 227 438 (45·6%) | ||
| Data missing | 1 (0·0%) | ||
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 469 209 (94·6%) | ||
| South Asian or south Asian British | 8015 (1·6%) | ||
| Black or black British | 8038 (1·6%) | ||
| Chinese or other (non-South) Asian | 3367 (0·7%) | ||
| Mixed: white and black | 1029 (0·2%) | ||
| Mixed: white and Asian | 827 (0·2%) | ||
| Mixed: detail unknown | 1073 (0·2%) | ||
| Other | 4521 (0·9%) | ||
| Data missing | 2743 (0·5%) | ||
| Income | |||
| Less than £18 000 | 97 221 (22·9%) | ||
| £18 000–30 999 | 108 197 (25·4%) | ||
| £31 000–51 999 | 110 790 (26·0%) | ||
| £52 000–100 000 | 86 280 (20·3%) | ||
| Greater than £100 000 | 22 933 (5·4%) | ||
| Data missing | 73 401 (14·7%) | ||
| Education† | |||
| College or university degree | 161 200 (32·7%) | ||
| A levels, AS levels, or equivalent | 55 331 (11·2%) | ||
| O levels, GCSEs, or equivalent | 105 218 (21·4%) | ||
| CSE or equivalent | 26 893 (5·5%) | ||
| NVQ, HND, HNC, or equivalent | 32 734 (6·6%) | ||
| Other professional qualifications | 25 810 (5·2%) | ||
| None of the above | 85 291 (17·3%) | ||
| Data missing | 6345 (1·3%) | ||
| Employment status | |||
| Paid employment or self-employed | 284 873 (57·4%) | ||
| Retired | 165 977 (33·5%) | ||
| Unable to work | 16 654 (3·4%) | ||
| Unemployed | 8225 (1·7%) | ||
| Home duties, carer, student, volunteer, or other | 20 171 (4·1%) | ||
| Data missing | 2922 (0·6%) | ||
| Area deprivation (Townsend index) | −2·1 (−3·6 to 0·5) | ||
| Data missing | 626 (0·1%) | ||
| Urbanicity | |||
| Urban | 425 082 (86·1%) | ||
| Non-urban | 68 665 (13·9%) | ||
| Data missing | 5075 (1·0%) | ||
| Residential density‡ | 1899 (1095 to 3102) | ||
| Range | 1 to 22 306 | ||
| Data missing | 17 705 (3·5%) | ||
| Total dietary energy intake, kJ | 8752·6 (2784·6) | ||
| Range | 0 to 19 995 | ||
| Data missing | 288 690 (57·9%) | ||
| Physical activity (MET min per week) | 1666 (743 to 3413) | ||
| Range | 0 to 32 130 | ||
| Data missing | 43 656 (8·8%) | ||
| Assessment area | |||
| Manchester | 13 940 (2·8%) | ||
| Oxford | 14 062 (2·8%) | ||
| Cardiff | 17 882 (3·6%) | ||
| Glasgow | 18 651 (3·7%) | ||
| Edinburgh | 17 201 (3·4%) | ||
| Stoke | 19 440 (3·9%) | ||
| Reading | 29 417 (5·9%) | ||
| Bury | 28 335 (5·7%) | ||
| Newcastle | 37 008 (7·4%) | ||
| Leeds | 44 209 (8·9%) | ||
| Bristol | 43 015 (8·6%) | ||
| Central London | 12 583 (2·5%) | ||
| Nottingham | 33 877 (6·8%) | ||
| Sheffield | 30 397 (6·1%) | ||
| Liverpool | 32 818 (6·6%) | ||
| Middlesbrough | 21 289 (4·3%) | ||
| Hounslow | 28 879 (5·8%) | ||
| Croydon | 27 385 (5·5%) | ||
| Birmingham | 25 503 (5·1%) | ||
| Swansea | 2281 (0·5%) | ||
| Wrexham | 649 (0·1%) | ||
Summary statistics were examined for the full sample of participants from the 21 areas linked to the environmental dataset. Data are n (%), mean (SD), or median (IQR), and are given for the complete case sample for each category, with number and percentage of records with missing data displayed for all variables with missing entries. Due to rounding error, some percentages sum to more than 100%. MET=metabolic equivalent of task.
Our analytical sample included people aged 70 years at the time of assessment, but excluded nine individuals with complete data who were younger than 40 years or older than 70 years.
UK qualifications break down into academic advanced levels (A levels, AS levels, or equivalent, post compulsory education), higher secondary education (O levels, GCSEs, or equivalent), secondary education (CSE or equivalent), and vocational qualifications (NVQ, HND, HNC, or equivalent).
Residential address points per 1000 m buffer.