Table 1.

ETR, D and E (µmol m⁻² s⁻¹) in different leaf types of Q. mongolica at PPFD_max with actual, optimal and uniform N_L distribution.

Parameter	Leaf type				ANOVA
	Deep shade	Moderate shade	Moderate sun	Typical sun
Actual NL
ETR	38 ± 4a	80 ± 9b	121 ± 10c	147 ± 1d	F = 50.0 P < 0.001
D	214 ± 13a	315 ± 13b	364 ± 7c	423 ± 4d	F = 60.8 P < 0.001
E	143 ± 10	172 ± 8	162 ± 6	163 ± 4	F = 2.2 ns
Optimal NL
ETR	12 ± 2a	64 ± 12b	149 ± 17c	250 ± 13d	F = 95.3 P < 0.001
D	205 ± 13a	311 ± 13b	358 ± 5bc	368 ± 4c	F = 44.5 P < 0.001
E	184 ± 10c	202 ± 10c	133 ± 11b	55 ± 14a	F = 32.9 P < 0.001
Uniform NL
ETR	82 ± 0a	82 ± 0b	82 ± 0b	82 ± 0b	F = 19.7 P < 0.001
D	211 ± 15a	315 ± 10b	360 ± 7c	410 ± 4c	F = 51.3 P < 0.001
E	107 ± 9a	177 ± 8b	207 ± 5c	244 ± 3d	F = 54.3 P < 0.001

Values are means ± SE for each leaf type. Different letters indicate significant differences among the leaf types at P < 0.05, according to Holm’s pairwise comparisons. ns indicates non-significant effect of leaf type.