Table 2.

The ratio of ETR, D and E with optimal and uniform N_L distribution (ETR_opt, D_opt and E_opt; ETR_uni, D_uni and E_uni) to those with actual N_L distribution (ETR_act, D_act and E_act, respectively) at PPFD_max in different leaf types of Q. mongolica. Values are means ± SE for each leaf type.

Parameter	Leaf type				ANOVA
	Deep shade	Moderate shade	Moderate sun	Typical sun
Optimal NL
ETRopt/ETRact	0.32 ± 0.04a,*	0.79 ± 0.09b	1.23 ± 0.06c	1.70 ± 0.08d,*	F = 81.3 P < 0.001
Dopt/Dact	0.96 ± 0.02b	0.99 ± 0.01b	0.99 ± 0.01b	0.87 ± 0.02a,*	F = 12.2 P < 0.001
Eopt/Eact	1.29 ± 0.04c,*	1.18 ± 0.07c	0.82 ± 0.06b	0.34 ± 0.09a,*	F = 47.6 P < 0.001
Uniform NL
ETRuni/ETRact	2.25 ± 0.26b,*	1.07 ± 0.14a	0.69 ± 0.06a,*	0.56 ± 0.00a,*	F = 17.4 P < 0.001
Duni/Dact	0.98 ± 0.02	1.00 ± 0.01	0.99 ± 0.00	0.97 ± 0.01	F = 0.54 ns
Euni/Eact	0.74 ± 0.03a,*	1.04 ± 0.07b	1.28 ± 0.06c,*	1.49 ± 0.03d,*	F = 43.4 P < 0.001

Different letters indicate significant differences among the leaf types at P < 0.05, according to Holm’s pairwise comparisons. ns indicates non-significant effect of leaf type. *Indicates significant differences in ETR, D and E from those of actual N_L distribution in each leaf type at P < 0.05 with t-test.