Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Jan 11;8:550. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17483-y

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

The mca1 mca2 double mutant exhibited sensitivity to cold stress. (A) Freezing sensitivity of the mca1 mca2 double mutant after cold acclimation. Three-week-old plants were incubated at 4 °C for 1 week, then plants were used for freezing treatment. Photographs are representative plants 7 days after 4-h exposure to the indicated temperature. (B) Survival rates were determined for 9 plants after freezing treatment at the indicated temperature. The survival ratio was calculated from 9 plants per pots. Data represent the means ± SD calculated from the data of 9 independent experiments. Differences between the values of each treatment were evaluated by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer test. Difference of alphabet letters at each temperature indicates statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). (C) Electrolyte leakage from cold-acclimated wild-type, mca1, mca2, and mca1 mca2 plants after exposure to the indicated temperature (programmed to cool at a rate of 2 °C h⁻¹). Data represent the means ± SD (n = 4 leaves, each from a different plant). *p < 0.05 compared with the value of wild type at each temperature (one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer test). Data were representative experiments from 3 biological independent experiments. (D) Freezing sensitivity of the mca1 mca2 double mutant harboring MCA1pro::MCA1 (lines #2 and #11) or MCA2pro::MCA2 (lines #2 and #5). Photographs are representative plants 7 days after 4-h exposure to −7 °C. (E) The survival ratio at −7 °C was calculated from 9 plants per pots. Data represent the means ± SD calculated from the data of 9 independent experiments. Difference between values of each treatment were evaluated by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer test. Difference of alphabet letters at each temperature indicates statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). (F) Freezing sensitivity of the mca1 mca2 double mutant without cold acclimation. Three-week-old plants were treated with a freezing temperature. Photographs are representative plants after freezing treatment. Photographs are representative plants 7 days after 1-h exposure to the indicated temperature. (G) The survival ratio was calculated from 9 plants per pots. Difference between values of each treatment were evaluated by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer test. Difference of alphabet letters at each temperature indicates statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). (H) Electrolyte leakage from non-acclimated wild-type, mca1, mca2, and mca1 mca2 plants after exposure to the indicated temperature. Data represent the means ± SD (n = 3 leaves, each from a different plant). *p < 0.05 compared with the value of wild types at each temperature (ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer test). (I) Photographs are of representative wild type, mca1, mca2, and mca1 mca2 mutants after incubation at 4 °C for 1 month. Five-day-old plants were incubated at 4 °C for 1 month. (J) The chlorophyll content of the plants was determined. Values represent the means ± SD (n = 7 plants per each genotype). Difference of alphabet letters indicates a significant difference (p < 0.05) as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer test.