Table 3.
Odds ratios of association between tobacco use (smokeless tobacco [SLT] use) by respondent and use by close associates, among men and women in the TCP India Wave 1 Survey.
| SLT USE | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USER CATEGORY | Sex | Father Ever Used SLT | Mother Ever Used SLT | Close Friend Uses SLT | Spouse Uses SLT | ||||
| OR (Adj)* 95% CI | OR (Adj)* 95% CI | OR (Adj)* 95% CI | OR (Adj)* 95% CI | ||||||
| SLT use (Exclusive) | Men | 2.3 | 1.9–2.7 | 2.1 | 1.7–2.5 | 5.3 | 4.4–6.3 | 4.1 | 3.0–5.8 |
| Women | 2.1 | 1.8–2.4 | 4.0 | 3.3–4.7 | 5.0 | 4.3–5.9 | 4.3 | 3.6–5.3 | |
| Gutka | Men | 1.8 | 1.4–2.2 | 1.9 | 1.5–2.4 | 5.7 | 4.3–7.5 | 2.2 | 1.4–3.4 |
| Women | 2.4 | 1.6–3.4 | 4.2 | 2.8–6.1 | 10.3 | 6.4–16.5 | 7.8 | 4.5–13.7 | |
| Khaini | Men | 2.7 | 2.1–3.6 | 2.2 | 1.6–3.1 | 7.7 | 5.4–11.1 | 5.1 | 3.1–8.5 |
| Women | 2.8 | 1.2–6.3 | 2.7 | 1.2–6.2 | 9.0 | 3.3–25.0 | 6.5 | 1.3–31.5 | |
| Plain Chewing Tobacco | Men | 1.7 | 1.3–2.3 | 1.4 | 1.0–1.8 | 3.4 | 2.6–4.6 | 2.3 | 1.4–3.6 |
| Women | 1.6 | 1.0–2.3 | 3.2 | 2.1–4.8 | 6.7 | 4.3–10.3 | 7.5 | 4.1–13.3 | |
| Zarda | Men | 2.3 | 1.5–3.4 | 2.5 | 1.6–3.8 | 11.3 | 5.9–21.6 | 7.1 | 3.7–13.7 |
| Women | 1.6 | 1.0–2.7 | 4.5 | 2.7–7.4 | 6.3 | 3.7–10.6 | 4.3 | 2.3–8.0 | |
| Betel Quid with Tobacco | Men | 2.3 | 1.4–3.7 | 1.8 | 1.0–3.0 | 2.8 | 1.7–4.6 | 2.2 | 1.2–4.3 |
| Women | 1.5 | 0.9–2.4 | 3.3 | 2.1–5.2 | 4.9 | 3.1–7.8 | 2.4 | 1.3–4.3 | |
| Lal Dantmanjan | Men | 2.4 | 1.4–4.2 | 9.7 | 5.3–17.8 | 4.4 | 2.2–9.0 | 18.2 | 7.3–45.6 |
| Women | 1.5 | 1.1–2.0 | 2.5 | 1.8–3.6 | 3.8 | 2.8–5.1 | 2.7 | 1.9–3.9 | |
| Mishri | Men | 1.7 | 0.8–3.6 | 1.6 | 0.8–3.3 | 1.1 | 0.5–2.3 | 18.2 | 6.7–49.4 |
| Women | 2.0 | 1.4–2.8 | 2.7 | 2.0–3.8 | 3.8 | 2.6–5.4 | 5.3 | 3.6–7.9 | |
| Gul | Men | 2.9 | 1.2–6.8 | 1.7 | 0.6–4.6 | 2.9 | 1.1–7.6 | 6.9 | 1.9–25.1 |
| Women | 3.3 | 2.1–5.2 | 3.3 | 2.0–5.5 | 4.0 | 2.5–6.5 | 3.3 | 1.8–6.0 | |
| Snuff | Men | 1.9 | 0.8–4.7 | 1.7 | 0.7–4.1 | 1.2 | 0.5–2.9 | 6.5 | 2.1–20.1 |
| Women | 2.9 | 1.8–4.8 | 4.3 | 2.6–7.1 | 2.8 | 1.7–4.7 | 10.8 | 4.8–24.3 | |
| Gudhaku | Men | 5.2 | 1.8–15.5 | 4.7 | 1.8–13.0 | 3.1 | 1.1–9.0 | 17.6 | 3.8–81.5 |
| Women | 2.4 | 1.5–3.8 | 5.4 | 3.5–8.5 | 5.9 | 3.8–9.2 | 4.8 | 2.7–8.7 | |
| Other SLT Use | Men | 4.1 | 1.6–10.0 | 3.5 | 1.4–8.9 | 5.1 | 1.5–17.1 | 17.0 | 4.2–68.3 |
| Women | 2.4 | 1.2–5.0 | 4.3 | 2.0–8.9 | 2.5 | 1.2–5.3 | 6.7 | 1.5–28.8 | |
| SLT Combinations | Men | 3.0 | 2.5–3.7 | 2.3 | 1.8–2.9 | 5.3 | 4.2–6.8 | 5.6 | 3.9–8.1 |
| Women | 2.2 | 1.7–2.8 | 5.3 | 4.0–6.9 | 5.3 | 4.1–7.0 | 4.5 | 3.2–6.4 | |
*
Adjusted for age group (with first two groups combined as reference category [ref. cat.]=first), urban/rural residence (urban as ref. cat.), state (Maharashtra as ref. cat.), and income level (with highest category as ref. cat.). CI= confidence interval. SLT=smokeless tobacco.
†
For cells with frequency < 5 cases ORs were not calculated.
Notes: Weighted data used. Lal dantmanjan may not necessarily contain tobacco.