Figure 1.

A, Effects of xanthohumol on the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Pancreatic cancer cell lines (BxPC‐3, AsPC‐1 and MIA PaCa‐2) were treated with xanthohumol at the indicated concentrations for 72 h, and cytotoxicity was measured using WST‐1 assays. Values are expressed as means ± SD (n = 6; *P < .05; **P < .01 compared with the control in all cell lines). XN, xanthohumol; C, control. B, C, Xanthohumol inhibited NF‐κB activity in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Pancreatic cancer cell lines (BxPC‐3, AsPC‐1 and MIA PaCa‐2) were treated with xanthohumol at the indicated concentrations for 24 h (B) and then stimulated with TNF‐α (10 ng/mL) for 30 min (C). The activity of NF‐κB in nuclear extracts was measured using Trans AM NF‐κB p65/p50 Transcription Factor Assays. Values are expressed as means ± SD (n = 3; *P < .05; **P < .01 compared with the control in all cell lines). XN, xanthohumol