Table 1.

Regulators of OPC differentiation are promising therapeutic targets to promote white matter development in perinatal WMI

Pathway	Promote/inhibit OPC differentiation	References	Potential clinical intervention
BMP4 signaling	Inhibitor	Dizon et al., 2011; Reid et al., 2012; See et al., 2004	BMP4 inhibition; noggin
Endothelin 2	Promotor	Yuen et al., 2013	Endothelin receptor agonists
GABAergic signaling	Promotor (conflicting data)	Hamilton et al., 2017; Zonouzi et al., 2015	Antiepileptic drugs, e.g., tiagabine, vigabatrin
Hyaluronan/CD44 signaling	Inhibitor	Back et al., 2005; Buser et al., 2012; Hagen et al., 2014	CD44 inhibition; hyaluronidase
IGF1 signaling	Promotor	Cai et al., 2011; Pang et al., 2007; Pang et al., 2010a; Ye et al. 2007	IGF1 administration; cell based therapy
JAK/STAT signaling	Inhibitor	Raymond et al., 2011	JAK/STAT inhibition
JNK signaling	Inhibitor	Wang et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2014	JNK inhibition
Muscarinic acetylcholine signaling	Inhibitor	Deshmukh et al., 2013; Franklin 2015; Mei et al., 2014	Muscarinic acetylcholine inhibition; benztropine; clemastine
Notch signaling	Inhibitor	Scafidi et al., 2014; Wang et al., 1998	Notch inhibition; EGF
PDGF signaling	Inhibitor	Calver et al., 1998; Richardson et al., 1988	PDGF inhibition
Potassium signaling	Promotor	Fogal, McClaskey, Yan, Yan, & Rivkees, 2010; Zhu, Wendler, Shi, & Rivkees, 2014	KATP agonists; diazoxide
Pro‐inflammatory cytokines	Inhibitor	Favrais et al., 2011; Miron et al., 2013; Pang et al., 2010b; Taylor et al., 2010	Anti‐inflammatory treatments; activin A
Prostaglandin E2	Inhibitor	Gano et al., 2015; Shiow et al., 2017	Cyclooxygenase inhibition; indomethacin
Retinoid X receptor γ (RXR‐γ)	Promotor	Franklin 2015; Huang et al., 2011	RXR‐γ agonists; 9‐cis‐retinoic acid
Sirt1	Inhibitor	Jablonska et al., 2016	Class III HDAC inhibitors; sirtinol
Wnt/β‐catenin signaling	Inhibitor	Fancy et al., 2009, 2011; Lee et al., 2015a, 2015b	Wnt inhibition; Apcdd1 stimulation