Figure 7.

Effects of Alda-1 and AICAR on acrolein-induced impairment of mitochondrial respiration. (A–D) Rat LMVECs were treated with vehicle or the indicated doses of acrolein for the indicated times or (E and F) preincubated with vehicle, 50 μM Alda-1, or 500 μM AICAR for 30 minutes and then exposed to vehicle or 30 μM acrolein in the absence or presence of Alda-1 or AICAR for 1 hour. The mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was assessed with an XF Seahorse analyzer. (A and C) Representative experiments in which three to four wells were averaged for each data point. (B and D–F) Data represent the means ± SE of three to four independent experiments for each panel. *P < 0.05 versus the respective vehicle. FCCP, carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone.