Table 2. Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) Induction (Estrogenicity), Cytotoxicity, and NQO1 Induction Potency of the Hop DESIGNER Extracts and Hop Purified Constituents.

		Ishikawa cells		Hepa1c1c7 cells
	potency	efficacy	cytotoxicity	NQO1 induction			cytotoxicity
material	EC50 AP [μg/mL; μM]a	max AP induction	IC50 [μg/mL; μM]a	CDb [μg/mL; μM]a	slope	r2	IC50 [μg/mL; μM]a
DESIGNER Extracts
Ex1	0.1 ± 0.02	136.4 ± 7.6	7.0 ± 0.7	6.8 ± 1.9	0.1 ± 0.01	0.80	>20
Ex2	0.4 ± 0.07	119.8 ± 11.4	28.1 ± 8.6	6.3 ± 2.1	0.1 ± 0.008	0.82	>20
Ex3	0.3 ± 0.008	74.7 ± 7.2	3.3 ± 0.4	0.8 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.03	0.98	>20
Ex4	0.7 ± 0.05	71.4 ± 8.2	10.3 ± 0.8	1.5 ± 0.2	0.6 ± 0.04	0.86	27.1 ± 2.9
Ex5	NAc	NAc	4.8 ± 1.4	1.0 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.03	0.96	>20
Ex6	2.2 ± 0.6	66.6 ± 10.8	>80	7.0 ± 0.6	0.1 ± 0.005	0.94	>20
Ex7	NAc	NAc	6.2 ± 0.4	1.8 ± 0.2	0.5 ± 0.03	0.85	>20
Ex8	12.0 ± 3.7	52.3 ± 11.2	>80	11.7 ± 3.8	0.08 ± 0.004	0.89	>20
Compounds
8-PN	0.007 ± 0.004	97.1 ± 2.6	19.1 ± 4.7	>30d	NA		>20d
IX	1.4 ± 0.4	80.7 ± 14.5	24.9 ± 3.7	>50d	NA		30.7 ± 2.9d
XH	NAc	NAc	4.2 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.7	1.3 ± 0.08	0.88	17.5 ± 2.3
6-PN	0.4 ± 0.1	57.4 ± 10.2	>5	>30d	NA		>20d
17β-estradiol (E2)e	0.0002 ± 0.00005	137.0 ± 2.5	NA	NDf	ND		ND
4′-bromoflavone	NDf	ND	ND	0.02 ± 0.001	19.6 ± 1.5	0.8	>0.7 (>166)g

^aμg/mL for extracts and μM for compounds.

^bCD value: concentration to double NQO1 activity.

^cNA: not active.

^dDietz et al., 2005.²¹

^eHajirahimkhan et al., 2013.²⁹

^fND: not determined.

^gSong et al., 1999.⁶⁹