Table 1.
Clinical and metabolic characteristics of nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects (Study 1 and Study 3) and type 2 diabetic subjects during rosiglitazone or metformin treatment (Study 2).
| Study 1 | Study 2 | Study 3 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Nondiabetes | Type 2 diabetes | p-value | Rosiglitazone | Metformin | Nondiabetes | Type 2 diabetes | |||
| Pre-treatment | Post-treatment | Pre-treatment | Post-treatment | ||||||
| N | 27 | 26 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 4 | |||
| Sex, M/F | 24/3 | 18/8 | 0.078 | 7/1 | 8/1 | 3/2 | 3/1 | ||
| Age (years) | 54.2±2.3 | 57.4±1.5 | 0.253 | 54.5±4.3 | 56.9±2.8 | 51.8±6.0 | 55.3±3.4 | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.6±1.0 | 33.6±1.1 | 0.012 | 33.8±2.1 | 39.8±4.2 | 35.8±1.6 | 34.0±1.6† | 34.9±2.2 | 35.1±3.7 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 122.3±2.9 | 126.1±2.9 | 0.367 | 119.9±3.1 | 125.2±7.3 | 124.8±4.5 | 120.9±4.0 | 132.8±2.5 | 134.7±6.0 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80.2±2.3 | 79.6±2.4 | 0.859 | 69.9±2.4 | 68.3±2.8† | 70.8±2.9 | 69.2±2.9 | 82.2±2.0 | 77.7±7.2 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.3±0.1 | 9.7±0.8 | <.0001 | 8.1±0.7 | 6.0±0.3† | 7.3±0.6 | 6.3±0.4† | 5.3±0.2 | 6.2±0.6 |
| Fasting insulin (IU/L)* | 6.5 (3.6–12.2) | 14.0 (9.0–20.1) | 0.0008 | 13 (10–17) | 9 (9–11) | 30 (9–38) | 25 (12–29) | 13 (10–17) | 17 (11–29) |
| HOMA-IR* | 1.4 (0.8–3.3) | 6.1 (4.5–8.0) | <.0001 | 4.8 (4.2–5.9) | 3.1 (2.4–3.1) † | 7.0 (2.9–11.9) | 6.2 (4.0–7.2) | 3.83±1.1 | 4.5±0.82 |
| HOMA-β (%)* | 70.7 (55.9–121.8) | 66.6 (33.0–90.2) | 0.223 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| HbA1c (%) | - | - | 7.1±0.4 | 6.5±0.3† | 6.7±0.2 | 6.2±0.2† | 5.7±0.1 | 7.7±0.7 | |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | - | - | 2.7±0.3 | 2.9±0.1 | 2.5±0.2 | 2.5±0.3 | 2.7±0.3 | 1.9±0.2 | |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | - | - | 0.89±0.06 | 0.98±0.07† | 0.87±0.06 | 0.93±0.07 | 1.25±0.05 | 1.09±0.17 | |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | - | - | 2.1±0.4 | 2.1±0.2 | 2.3±0.5 | 2.3±0.5 | 1.2±0.4 | 1.3±0.4 | |
| GDR60 (mg/kg/min) | - | - | 2.7±0.3 | 4.3±0.5† | 2.7±0.6 | 3.0±0.5 | - | - | |
| GDR120 (mg/kg/min) | - | - | 5.3±0.6 | 7.4±0.7† | 5.0±0.6 | 5.4±0.4 | - | - | |
| AUGg | - | - | 26623±2089 | 23338±1401† | 26870±1996 | 24248±2137 | - | - | |
Data are expressed as means ± SEM.
*
Data are expressed as median (interquartile range), p-value from log transformation.
For Study1: P-values are from the Student’s t-test or chi-squared test.
For Study2: P-values are from the paired t-test.
†
P<0.05 vs. pre-treatment in each group.
Abbreviations: HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; HOMA-β (%), homeostasis model assessment-β (%); GDR, glucose disposal rate; AUGg, area under the curve for glucose during the OGTT.