Fig. 2.

Effect of insulin signaling pathway inhibitors on cellular ATP/ADP levels. HIT-T15 cells were incubated for 30 min in the presence of each inhibitor and ATP/ADP levels were measured. (A) IR inhibitor, HNMPA-(AM)₃, reduced ATP/ADP levels at 75 and 100 μM (n = 4). (B) PI3K inhibitor, LY294002 (n = 3), also decreased ATP/ADP levels at both concentrations, 25 and 100 μM, whereas, (C) wortmannin (n = 4) decreased ATP/ADP only at 10 μM and not at 0.5 μM, following its effect on IP₇ (Fig. 1C). Data are presented as Means ± SEM, ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01 compared to controls, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test.