Compensation voltage (CV) spectrum. Produced by scanning the CV from −4 to 3 V, at a set dispersion voltage (DV) of 195 V (positive mode) and −132 V (negative mode). Demonstrates good separation, in negative mode, of three potential markers for liver cirrhosis: 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, and indole (100, 150, and 150 ppm in water, respectively) by standalone FAIMS. Standards were analysed separately and their spectra overlaid.