Table 1. Baseline characteristics for controls and patients with CKD and ESRD.

	Control (N = 11024)		CKD (N = 5512)		ESRD (N = 1378)		P value
Age, years	n	(%)	n	(%)	n	(%)	1.0000
20–29	368	(3.3)	184	(3.3)	46	(3.3)
30–39	848	(7.7)	424	(7.7)	106	(7.7)
40–49	2232	(20.3)	1116	(20.3)	279	(20.3)
50–59	2280	(20.7)	1140	(20.7)	285	(20.7)
60–69	2504	(22.7)	1252	(22.7)	313	(22.7)
≥70	2792	(25.3)	1396	(25.3)	349	(25.3)
Sex							1.0000
Female	5768	(52.3)	2884	(52.3)	721	(52.3)
Male	5256	(47.7)	2628	(47.7)	657	(47.7)
Low income	298	(2.7)	232	(4.2)	109	(7.9)	<0.0001
Medical conditions
Hypertension	3895	(35.3)	2798	(50.8)	912	(66.2)	<0.0001
Anemia	1204	(10.9)	1309	(23.8)	880	(63.9)	<0.0001
Ischemic heart disease	1945	(17.6)	1864	(33.8)	600	(43.5)	<0.0001
Diabetes	1600	(14.5)	1522	(27.6)	571	(41.4)	<0.0001
Mental disorders	3258	(29.6)	2453	(44.5)	473	(34.3)	<0.0001
COPD	2482	(22.5)	2001	(36.3)	333	(24.2)	<0.0001
Heart failure	406	(3.7)	585	(10.6)	288	(20.9)	<0.0001
Traumatic brain injury	1035	(9.4)	729	(13.2)	169	(12.3)	<0.0001
Hyperlipidemia	1278	(11.6)	1072	(19.5)	162	(11.8)	<0.0001
Liver cirrhosis	517	(4.7)	514	(9.3)	139	(10.1)	<0.0001
Atrial fibrillation	306	(2.8)	291	(5.3)	94	(6.8)	<0.0001
Peripheral vascular disease	210	(1.9)	204	(3.7)	65	(4.7)	<0.0001
Epilepsy	92	(0.8)	84	(1.5)	34	(2.5)	<0.0001
Type of medication
Anticoagulant	688	(6.2)	706	(12.8)	712	(51.7)	<0.0001
Anti-hypertension	2944	(26.7)	2204	(40.0)	667	(48.4)	<0.0001
Statin	2046	(18.6)	1668	(30.3)	465	(33.7)	<0.0001

COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease.