Figure 4.

PIP-S2 induces mesoderm via the inhibition of SOX2. (A) Upstream regulator analysis of >2 fold up-/downregulated genes in PIP-S2-treated 201B7-hiPSCs compared with vehicle-treated 201B7 on day 3. Rank 1–5 upstream regulators based on P values are shown. (B) Heat map of genes upregulated by the SOX2 knockdown in hESCs. Microarray studies were performed for the PIP-S2- or vehicle-treated cells on days 3, 4 and 5. Values represent the differences in Z-scores between the expression level in PIP-S2-treated hiPSCs and that in vehicle-treated cells. (C) Schematic illustration of the plausible mechanism for mesoderm induction by PIP-S2.