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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 15.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Pharmacol. 2017 Dec 10;819:261–269. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.017

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Figure 2

[a] Representative Physiograph Tracings after IV, SC, IM, IN and SL Administration of LMN-NKA and [b] Increase in Isovolumetric Bladder Pressure AUC after IV, SC, IM and IN Administration.

[a] Representative physiograph tracings illustrate the effect of IV, SC and IM (30 μg/kg of LMN-NKA), IN (10 μg/rat LMN-NKA) and SL (1 mg/rat LMN-NKA) on bladder pressure during isovolumetric cystometry.

[b] AUC was measured over 30 min after each dose in acute spinalized rats under isovolumetric conditions. Histograms display the mean + S.D. from 4–11 rats per group after IV, SC, IM and IN administration of LMN-NKA. Numbers above each bar represent the mean + S.D. of the duration of the bladder response. One-way ANOVA: F (3,45) = 9.66, for IV; F (5,40) = 13.2, for SC and F (6,41) = 13.34 for IM, all P<0.001: and F(4,18) = 4.247 for IN, P= 0.138. *P<0.05 compared with vehicle Dunnett’s multiple comparison test.