Table 3.

Multivariable Regression Analyses of Pain Medication Use and SCS Outcomes.

	50% reduction in pain with trial Trial responders			50% reduction in pain at one year* Implant pain responders			50% reduction in opioid use at one year† Implant opioid responders
	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value
Baseline NRS-11	1.09	0.83–1.44	0.52	1.28	0.91–1.81	0.16	0.82	0.49–1.39	0.46
Baseline Opioid Use	1.00	0.99–1.01	0.32	1.00	0.99–1.00	0.47	1.02	1.01–1.02	< 0.01
SSRI	1.26	0.29–5.53	0.76	1.74	0.43–6.93	0.44	2.21	0.27–18.07	0.46
SNRI	0.74	0.23–2.38	0.61	0.60	0.16–2.22	0.44	0.59	0.06–5.35	0.64
TCA	0.97	0.30–3.14	0.95	1.74	0.52–5.81	0.37	0.64	0.08–4.96	0.67
Gabapentin/pregabalin	0.30	0.9–1.02	0.05	0.37	0.12–1.13	0.08	1.18	0.19–7.21	0.85
Baclofen	Omitted			5.32	0.47–59.81	0.18	Omitted
Benzodiazepine	1.18	0.35–4.01	0.80	1.40	0.40–4.85	0.60	0.28	0.00–40.97	0.63

^*Measured as the difference between baseline NRS-11 pain score and NRS-11 pain score at one year divided by baseline NRS-11 Pain score e.g. (baseline—one year)/baseline.

All patients on Baclofen had 50% pain reduction with a trial of SCS and were able to reduce opioid consumption by 50% preventing an Odds Ratio from being generated. This was omitted form these analyses.

^†Converted to equivalent mg of oral morphine. Measured as the difference between baseline opioid use and opioid use at 1 year divided by baseline opioid use e.g. (baseline—one year)/baseline.

CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SNRI, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; TCA, tricyclic antidepressant.