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. 2018 Jan 12;8:629. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-19035-w

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TLR3 and TLR4 genes in whole embryos and, from the offspring, in blood and brain samples from VPA- and vehicle- treated CD-1 dams. The cytokines and TLRs expression in whole embryos (panel A–E) explanted 3 and 24 hours post the treatment, in blood (panel A’–E’) and brain (panel A”–E”) samples obtained at post natal day 1 and 7 from VPA- and vehicle- treated CD-1 dams, was evaluated by real time-PCR and represented as box plots, depicting mild (black dot) and extreme (asterisk) outliers for each group. Prenatal exposure to VPA at gestational day 10.5 increased cytokines expression in embryos (blue box plots), already from 3 hours post treatment than in controls (white box plots). In blood and in brain, also the expression levels of TLRs were higher in VPA mice (blue box plots) than in controls (white box plots).