Fig. 5.

Effects of Panax ginseng extract (PGE) on the nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in the amygdala. Western blot bands shown are a representative of results obtained from three separate experiments. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as a control. Quantification of the protein levels of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and GAPDH is determined by Image J analysis software. The GAPDH band in (B) was shared with (A). The results are expressed as the mean ± standard error. ANOVA test; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 chronic restraint stress (CRS) vs. sham or PGE alone group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 CRS + PGE vs. CRS group. ANOVA, analysis of variance.