Fig. 4.

Effect of ginsenoside Rg₃ on the expressions of M2 marker genes in macrophages. Mouse peritoneal macrophages were treated with the indicated concentrations of ginsenoside Rg₃ for 1 h, and then treated with vehicle or LPS 10 ng/mL for 24 h. RT-PCR was performed for the M2 marker genes, arginase-1, IL-10, TGF-β, and Ym-1. (A) The results shown are representative of three independent experiments. (B) Relative mRNA levels of each gene versus GAPDH are shown as histograms. Mouse peritoneal macrophages were treated with the indicated concentrations of ginsenoside Rg₃ for 1 h, and then treated with LPS 100 ng/mL for 24 h. Western blotting was conducted on cell lysates. (C) The results shown are representative of three independent experiments. (D) Relative protein levels of each protein versus β-actin are presented as histograms. The values shown are means ± SEs (n = 3). Statistically significant at *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001 levels versus LPS-treated macrophages. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IL-10, interleukin 10; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; SE, standard errors; TGF, transforming growth factor.