Table 1.
Sociodemographic, clinical, and biomarker data in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), non-TRD, and healthy controls (HC)
| Variables | HCA (n = 50) | Non-TRDB (n = 72) | TRDC (n = 42) | F/O2 | df | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 45.8 (12.4) | 48.9 (11.9) | 50.2 (8.5) | 1.89 | 2/131 | 0.155 |
| Gender (F/M) | 34/14 | 42/30 | 31/11 | 3.84 | 2 | 0.147 |
| Marital status* | 18/29 | 17/55 | 7/33 | 5.34 | 2 | 0.069 |
| Nicotine dependence (N/Y) | 47/3 | 38/33 | 21/21 | 26.76 | 2 | < 0.001 |
| IL-1α (pg/mL) | 2.7 (2.4) | 2.3 (1.8) | 4.9 (10.8) | 0.31 | 2/155 | 0.732 |
| IL-1RA (ng/mL) | 3.30 (2.45)B, C | 5.30 (3.94) A | 5.23 (3.17)A | 5.61 | 2/155 | 0.004 |
| IL-2R (pg/mL) | 783 (385) | 919 (458) | 829 (298) | 1.19 | 2/157 | 0.308 |
| IL-6R (ng/mL) | 26.6 (9.4) | 25.8 (6.3) | 36.3 (34.8) | 2.95 | 2/150 | 0.056 |
| sTNF-R1 (ng/mL) | 0.18 (0.07) | 0.20 (0.006) | 0.23 (0.22) | 1.71 | 2/143 | 0.184 |
| sTNF-R2 (ng/mL) | 1.01 (1.32) | 0.98 (0.99)C | 0.84 (1.55)B | 4.03 | 2/139 | 0.020 |
| TBARS (nmol/mL) | 2.37 (1.10) B,C | 3.18 (1.22)A, C | 3.86 (1.42)A,B | 15.34 | 2/154 | < 0.001 |
| HDRS | – | 12.2 (8.5) | 14.3 (9.7) | 1.40 | 1/112 | 0.239 |
| MADRS | – | 16.5 (13.2) | 19.2 (13.7) | 1.06 | 1/112 | 0.305 |
| Age at onset (years) | – | 35.5 (12.7) | 37.2 (11.0) | 0.53 | 1/110 | 0.466 |
| Number episodes | – | 5.6 (4.2) | 6.0 (4.5) | 0.53 | 1/107 | 0.612 |
| Melancholia (no/yes) | – | 49/22 | 25/15 | 0.49 | 1 | 0.485 |
| Atypical MDD (no/yes) | – | 62/10 | 29/11 | 3.13 | 1 | 0.087 |
| Current MDD (no/yes) | – | 40/29 | 32/13 | 2.02 | 1 | 0.155 |
Data are shown as mean (standard deviation; SD). Superscript A, B, C show the significant (p = 0.05) pairwise differences among the three study samples
IL-1α interleukin-1 alpha, sIL-1RA soluble interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, sIL-2R soluble interleukin 2 receptor, sIL-6R soluble interleukin 6 receptor, sTNF-R1/R2 soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 60 kDa/80 kDa, TBARS thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
*Marital status: stable relationship + married / single + divorced