Table 1.
Ranking of representative fungi by the survival index D10 together with other characteristics.
| Strain # | Name | Phylum | Isolated from | D10 [kGy] | Tmax [°C] | Topt [°C] | AM, pH 2.3, CIR | YPD, pH 7, CIR | AN, YPD | pHmin AM | pHmin YPD | AM, HgCl2 [μM] | AM, MER [μM] | AM, CrCl3 [μM] | AM, K2Cr2O7 [μM] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXF-5294 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Ascomycota | Red wine, Slovenia | 3.2 | 40 | 30 | – | – | + | 3.0 | 2.5 | 25 | <500 | >500 | >10 |
| EXF-6408 | Metschnikowia fructicola | Ascomycota | Mofette, CO2 rich water, Slovenia | 3.0 | <40 | 23.5 | + | + | w | 2.5 | 2.5 | 10 | 1,000 | 500 | 100 |
| EXF-4909 | Saccharomyces bayanus x cerevisiae | Ascomycota | New wine, Slovenia | 3.0 | 40 | 26 | + | + | + | 2.5 | 2.5 | 25 | <1,000 | 500 | >500 |
| EXF-5281 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Ascomycota | Floor spilled with wine, Slovenia | 2.6 | 40 | 30 | + | + | – | 2.5 | 2.5 | 10 | >50 | >100 | >250 |
| MD1149 | Rhodotorula taiwanensis | Basidiomycota | Acid mine drainage, USA | 2.5 | 32 | 25 | + | + | – | 1.5 | 2 | 50 | >500 | 500 | 300 |
| EXF-6398 | Pichia kudriavzevii | Ascomycota | Mofette, Slovenia | 2.0 | 45 | 27 | + | + | + | 1.5 | 2.0 | 25 | 100 | 500 | 750 |
| EXF-308 | Rhodotorula rubra | Basidiomycota | Glacial ice in sea water, Svalbard | 2.0 | 37 | 30 | + | + | – | 2.0 | 2.0 | 25 | 1,000 | 750 | 100 |
| EXF-5293 | Saccharomyces bayanus | Ascomycota | Apple juice, Slovenia | 2.0 | 40 | 26 | + | + | + | 2.5 | 2.5 | 25 | 3,000 | >500 | >100 |
| EXF-6464 | Debaryomyces hansenii | Ascomycota | Water from slow moving creek showing CO2 release | 1.8 | <40 | 26 | + | + | – | 2.0 | 2.0 | 10 | 100 | 500 | 250 |
| EXF-7288 | Saccharomyces kudriavzevii | Ascomycota | Bark of Quercus ilex, Croatia | 1.5 | <40 | 24 | – | – | – | 2.5 | 2.5 | 10 | >50 | >100 | >250 |
| EXF-3501 | Rhodosporidium diobovatum | Basidiomycota | Ice, Svalbard | 1.4 | 37 | 24 | + | + | – | 2.0 | 2.0 | 25 | 1,000 | 750 | 100 |
| EXF-6402 | Kazachstania exigua | Ascomycota | Mofette, CO2 rich water, Slovenia | 1.2 | <40 | 27 | + | + | + | 2.0 | 2.0 | 10 | 100 | 750 | 50 |
| EXF-3697 | Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae | Basidiomycota | Ice, Svalbard | 1.2 | 37 | 30 | + | + | – | 2.5 | 1.5 | 50 | 1,000 | 500 | 250 |
| EXF-1534 | Rhodotorula lysinophila | Basidiomycota | Glacial ice in sea water, Svalbard | 1.1 | 37 | 25 | – | + | – | 3.0 | 3.0 | 25 | 1,000 | 500 | 250 |
| EXF-1529 | Rhodotorula minuta | Basidiomycota | Glacial ice in sea water, Svalbard | 1.1 | 37 | 25 | + | + | – | 2.5 | 2.0 | 25 | 1,000 | 500 | 250 |
| EXF-5557 | Rhodotorula slooffiae | Basidiomycota | Box of plasticizer in the washing machine, Slovenia | 1.1 | 37 | 30 | + | + | – | 2.0 | 2.0 | 25 | 100 | 500 | 250 |
| EXF-3409 | Cryptococcus liquefaciens | Basidiomycota | Glacier ice, Svalbard | 1.0 | <40 | 30 | + | + | – | 2.5 | >3 | 25 | 1,000 | 750 | 50 |
| EXF-6453 | Cyberlindnera saturnus | Ascomycota | Mofette, soil, Slovenia | 1.0 | <40 | 25 | + | + | + | 2.5 | 2.0 | 25 | 500 | 2,000 | >3,000 |
| EXF-1496 | Pichia guilliermondi | Ascomycota | Glacial ice, Svalbard | 1.0 | 43 | 25 | + | + | – | 2.0 | 2.0 | 25 | 250 | 750 | 1,500 |
| EXF-6094 | Rhodotorula calyptogenae | Basidiomycota | Dishwasher rubber, France | 1.0 | 40 | 26 | + | + | – | 2.5 | 7.0 | 25 | 1,000 | 500 | 100 |
| EXF-7210 | Saccharomyces kudriavzevii | Ascomycota | Bark of Quercus sp, Montenegro | 1.0 | <40 | 24 | – | – | + | 2.5 | 2.5 | 10 | >50 | >100 | >250 |
| EXF-7289 | Saccharomyces kudriavzevii | Ascomycota | Bark of Quercus ilex, Croatia | 1.0 | <40 | 24 | – | – | + | 2.5 | 2.5 | 10 | >50 | >100 | >250 |
| EXF-3800 | Rhodotorula benthica | Basidiomycota | Glacier ice with sediment, Svalbard | 0.9 | 25 | 25 | – | – | – | 2.5 | 2.0 | 10 | 1,000 | 500 | 75 |
| EXF-3909 | Rhodotorula laryngis | Basidiomycota | Sea water near the glacier, Svalbard | 0.9 | 25 | 20 | – | – | – | 2.5 | 2.5 | 25 | 1,000 | 750 | 25 |
| EXF-7964 | Wickerhamomyces anomalus | Ascomycota | Forest ditch water, Slovenia | 0.9 | 40 | 25 | + | + | + | 2.5 | 2.5 | 10 | 1,500 | >3,000 | 1,500 |
| EXF-6463 | Candida pseudolambica | Ascomycota | Mofette, CO2 rich water, Slovenia | 0.5 | <40 | 33 | + | + | – | 2.0 | 2.5 | 10 | 1,500 | >3,000 | 75 |
| EXF-589 | Debaryomyces hansenii | Ascomycota | By the Atlantic coast, Namibia | 0.3 | <40 | 23 | – | – | – | >3 | >3 | 10 | 100 | 250 | 100 |
Temperature maximum supporting growth (Tmax), ability to grow under CIR (36 Gy/h) on solid AM (pH 2.3) or YPD (pH 7). Growth under anaerobic conditions (AN), pH minimum (pHmin), and the highest heavy metal concentrations compatible with growth in medium supplemented with HgCl2 (Hg2+), merbromin (MER), CrCl3 (Cr3+), and K2Cr2O7 (Cr6+); growth (+), no growth (−), weak growth (w).