Table 1.
Background and demographic characteristics of participants
| Mean age ± SD =9.8 ± 1.9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Attribute | Frequency | Percent |
| (N = 359) | ||
| Sub-district | ||
| Akwatia | 97 | 27.0 |
| Topremang | 121 | 33.7 |
| Okumaning | 141 | 39.3 |
| Sex of pupil | ||
| Male | 171 | 47.6 |
| Female | 188 | 52.4 |
| Age of pupil(years) | ||
| 5–9 | 202 | 56.3 |
| 10–12 | 157 | 43.7 |
| Area of residence | ||
| Rural | 249 | 69.4 |
| Urban | 110 | 30.6 |
| Community type | ||
| Mining | 126 | 35.1 |
| Farming | 233 | 64.9 |
| Religion | ||
| Christian | 327 | 91.1 |
| Islam | 31 | 8.6 |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Akan | 238 | 66.3 |
| Ewe | 58 | 25.3 |
| Ga | 9 | 2.5 |
| Northerners | 24 | 6.7 |
| Others | 30 | 8.4 |
| Child lives with: | ||
| Both parents | 259 | 72.1 |
| Mother alone | 43 | 12.0 |
| Father alone | 13 | 3.6 |
| Other relations | 44 | 12.3 |
| Guardian’s Occupation | ||
| Father’s occupation | ||
| Farming | 129 | 35.9 |
| Mining | 45 | 12.5 |
| Civil/public servant | 34 | 9.5 |
| trading | 19 | 5.3 |
| Others | 74 | 20.6 |
| Unemployed | 28 | 7.8 |
| Mother’s occupation | ||
| Farming | 69 | 19.2 |
| Mining | 29 | 8.1 |
| Civil/public servant | 18 | 5.0 |
| trading | 189 | 52.7 |
| Others | 26 | 7.2 |
| Unemployed | 28 | 7.8 |
| Receive money for school | ||
| Yes | 332 | 92.5 |
| No | 26 | 7.2 |
| Frequency of meal intake per day | ||
| < 1 | 0 | 0.0 |
| > 2 | 359 | 100 |
| Amount of money(Cedis) for school | ||
| < 1.00 | 89 | 24.8 |
| 1.00–1.99 | 240 | 66.9 |
| 2.00–3.00 | 6 | 1.7 |
| no money | 24 | 6.7 |
| Feeding type | ||
| School feeding | 161 | 44.9 |
| Non-school feeding | 198 | 55.2 |