Low affiliative reciprocity and neophobia additively predict shorter lifespan. Rats exhibiting the risk factors low affiliative reciprocity and neophobia die sooner. Median survival for rats exhibiting no risk factors (dotted line) was 805 days; median survival for rats exhibiting 1 risk factor (thin solid line) was 660 days; median survival for rats exhibiting two risk factors (wide solid line) was 571. Affiliative reciprocity scores were dichotomized for graphical purposes only. Cox proportional hazards survival analysis was applied to estimate the effect of affiliative reciprocity and neophobic temperament on lifespan (Affiliative reciprocity: HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.18–1.61, p = .00003; Neophobia: HR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.09–3.66, p = .025; Full model: Likelihood-ratio (LR) chi-square = 17.16, df = 2, p = .0002).