Table 2.

Characteristics of diagnostic groups over time

Outcome	Schizophrenia		Bipolar disorder with psychosis		Psychotic depression		Substance- induced		Other/Undetermined
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
GAF
baseline	52.65	14.17	67.83	9.44	60.30	12.99	57.68	11.92	57.53	14.64
6 months	49.34	13.18	66.37	11.90	61.45	13.94	61.74	11.45	62.73	12.67
24 months	50.39	12.90	69.14	10.83	64.98	12.31	64.65	11.45	60.96	14.39
48 months	49.27	12.21	70.05	11.81	67.93	12.03	65.05	13.06	63.13	15.10
10 years	44.06	10.67	66.95	13.14	65.61	11.72	61.39	13.99	60.93	15.49
20 years	35.79	10.57	57.79	16.78	52.81	16.06	53.88	16.82	51.33	19.03
Apathy-asociality
baseline	12.11	7.36	4.95	5.74	10.67	7.60	8.40	5.61	6.86	8.26
6 months	11.55	7.92	5.23	6.05	8.51	7.87	7.35	4.98	5.69	7.11
24 months	11.31	6.64	3.76	5.20	6.97	7.32	5.87	5.74	6.36	6.90
48 months	11.30	6.70	3.70	4.67	5.67	6.88	4.47	4.90	7.67	7.12
10 years	13.99	8.14	3.53	4.75	4.60	5.77	7.87	7.96	6.62	8.13
20 years	17.56	8.84	8.00	7.70	10.11	8.52	9.74	9.05	11.51	10.23
Inexpressivity
baseline	10.22	8.39	3.86	6.10	6.60	8.43	4.28	5.70	5.28	7.23
6 months	10.52	8.92	2.64	4.79	5.00	7.09	3.30	4.20	3.92	6.58
24 months	9.48	8.19	1.80	2.63	3.68	5.62	3.22	5.14	2.68	4.64
48 months	8.82	8.82	1.61	3.15	2.24	3.66	1.53	3.22	3.72	5.30
10 years	7.99	7.67	1.68	3.98	1.87	4.15	2.40	4.57	2.83	6.49
20 years	10.32	10.37	3.69	5.45	4.26	7.13	4.00	6.17	7.90	11.34
Reality distortion
baseline	12.54	9.36	10.77	8.87	6.23	6.00	8.40	6.89	8.83	6.05
6 months	4.26	7.44	0.56	1.29	2.81	4.56	1.52	3.19	2.50	4.67
24 months	4.41	6.36	0.99	3.19	0.92	2.74	1.83	3.66	3.40	6.30
48 months	4.03	6.67	1.05	2.78	0.94	2.52	1.53	3.01	3.44	7.96
10 years	6.66	8.24	0.46	1.86	1.03	2.29	1.78	3.25	3.07	5.69
20 years	7.31	9.34	0.84	2.16	0.93	2.32	2.73	4.79	3.47	5.92
Disorganization
baseline	7.19	7.00	8.97	6.05	1.86	2.96	5.68	5.37	6.89	6.07
6 months	2.99	5.14	1.61	3.00	0.89	1.37	0.70	1.15	2.08	2.64
24 months	2.99	4.35	2.19	3.93	1.08	2.13	2.09	3.63	3.36	5.22
48 months	3.65	4.87	2.34	4.22	0.73	1.86	0.47	1.02	2.33	3.07
10 years	4.27	6.00	1.79	3.74	0.94	2.45	1.29	2.24	3.64	6.20
20 years	6.16	7.28	3.21	5.22	2.45	4.33	2.07	3.76	5.71	6.32
Depression
baseline	17.04	5.02	16.85	5.13	22.21	5.23	16.96	5.83	16.42	5.10
6 months	13.55	4.03	12.13	3.35	15.51	5.51	12.70	3.97	13.04	5.08
24 months	13.20	4.46	11.16	3.47	12.86	5.27	12.52	4.67	13.72	5.00
48 months	10.69	3.79	9.94	3.07	12.00	5.72	10.53	3.42	11.72	5.38
10 years	11.92	3.76	10.99	3.47	13.35	5.10	12.55	4.27	11.37	3.25
20 years	11.60	3.28	11.87	3.93	13.35	4.57	11.43	3.51	12.45	3.85
Mania/Excitement
baseline	1.49	1.00	2.13	1.39	1.07	0.34	1.96	1.34	1.78	1.22
6 months	1.21	0.66	1.44	0.90	1.00	0.00	1.26	0.75	1.20	0.71
24 months	1.22	0.65	1.41	0.92	1.14	0.48	1.22	0.60	1.48	1.08
48 months	1.33	0.68	1.47	0.96	1.12	0.42	1.21	0.54	1.39	0.78
10 years	1.29	0.80	1.35	0.90	1.15	0.48	1.57	1.20	1.59	1.37
20 years	1.28	0.83	1.34	0.87	1.13	0.47	1.14	0.48	1.21	0.63
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Use antipsychotics
baseline	152	86.9%	82	87.2%	31	72.1%	15	60.0%	31	86.1%
6 months	148	84.6%	63	67.0%	24	55.8%	9	36.0%	20	55.6%
24 months	136	79.5%	37	39.4%	18	41.9%	4	16.7%	14	40.0%
48 months	122	70.1%	32	34.0%	10	23.3%	4	16.0%	12	33.3%
10 years	142	87.1%	34	40.0%	8	20.0%	6	26.1%	7	25.9%
20 years	117	81.8%	30	36.1%	10	25.0%	4	20.0%	10	37.0%
Illness pattern over 20 years
Single episode	1	0.6%	10	11.4%	8	19.0%	4	17.4%	10	38.5%
Multiple Episodes	43	25.3%	70	79.5%	28	66.7%	13	56.5%	8	30.8%
Continuous illness	126	74.1%	8	9.1%	6	14.3%	6	26.1%	8	30.8%

Note: For apathy-asociality, inexpressivity, reality distortion, and disorganization scales, zero indicates no symptoms; depression scale ranges from 9 (no symptoms) to 27; mania/excitement range from one (none) to seven (very severe). Sample size for symptom outcomes is N = 153, 148, 145, 166, and 175 for schizophrenia (6-month to 20–year wave, respectively); 83, 81, 82, 86, and 94 for bipolar disorder with psychosis; 38, 41, 40, 41, and 43 for psychotic depression; 26, 28, 23, 29, and 36 for substance-induced psychosis; and 23, 23, 21, 23, and 25 for other/undetermined psychoses.