Table 2.
Outcome | Schizophrenia
|
Bipolar disorder with psychosis
|
Psychotic depression
|
Substance- induced
|
Other/Undetermined
|
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
GAF | ||||||||||
baseline | 52.65 | 14.17 | 67.83 | 9.44 | 60.30 | 12.99 | 57.68 | 11.92 | 57.53 | 14.64 |
6 months | 49.34 | 13.18 | 66.37 | 11.90 | 61.45 | 13.94 | 61.74 | 11.45 | 62.73 | 12.67 |
24 months | 50.39 | 12.90 | 69.14 | 10.83 | 64.98 | 12.31 | 64.65 | 11.45 | 60.96 | 14.39 |
48 months | 49.27 | 12.21 | 70.05 | 11.81 | 67.93 | 12.03 | 65.05 | 13.06 | 63.13 | 15.10 |
10 years | 44.06 | 10.67 | 66.95 | 13.14 | 65.61 | 11.72 | 61.39 | 13.99 | 60.93 | 15.49 |
20 years | 35.79 | 10.57 | 57.79 | 16.78 | 52.81 | 16.06 | 53.88 | 16.82 | 51.33 | 19.03 |
Apathy-asociality | ||||||||||
baseline | 12.11 | 7.36 | 4.95 | 5.74 | 10.67 | 7.60 | 8.40 | 5.61 | 6.86 | 8.26 |
6 months | 11.55 | 7.92 | 5.23 | 6.05 | 8.51 | 7.87 | 7.35 | 4.98 | 5.69 | 7.11 |
24 months | 11.31 | 6.64 | 3.76 | 5.20 | 6.97 | 7.32 | 5.87 | 5.74 | 6.36 | 6.90 |
48 months | 11.30 | 6.70 | 3.70 | 4.67 | 5.67 | 6.88 | 4.47 | 4.90 | 7.67 | 7.12 |
10 years | 13.99 | 8.14 | 3.53 | 4.75 | 4.60 | 5.77 | 7.87 | 7.96 | 6.62 | 8.13 |
20 years | 17.56 | 8.84 | 8.00 | 7.70 | 10.11 | 8.52 | 9.74 | 9.05 | 11.51 | 10.23 |
Inexpressivity | ||||||||||
baseline | 10.22 | 8.39 | 3.86 | 6.10 | 6.60 | 8.43 | 4.28 | 5.70 | 5.28 | 7.23 |
6 months | 10.52 | 8.92 | 2.64 | 4.79 | 5.00 | 7.09 | 3.30 | 4.20 | 3.92 | 6.58 |
24 months | 9.48 | 8.19 | 1.80 | 2.63 | 3.68 | 5.62 | 3.22 | 5.14 | 2.68 | 4.64 |
48 months | 8.82 | 8.82 | 1.61 | 3.15 | 2.24 | 3.66 | 1.53 | 3.22 | 3.72 | 5.30 |
10 years | 7.99 | 7.67 | 1.68 | 3.98 | 1.87 | 4.15 | 2.40 | 4.57 | 2.83 | 6.49 |
20 years | 10.32 | 10.37 | 3.69 | 5.45 | 4.26 | 7.13 | 4.00 | 6.17 | 7.90 | 11.34 |
Reality distortion | ||||||||||
baseline | 12.54 | 9.36 | 10.77 | 8.87 | 6.23 | 6.00 | 8.40 | 6.89 | 8.83 | 6.05 |
6 months | 4.26 | 7.44 | 0.56 | 1.29 | 2.81 | 4.56 | 1.52 | 3.19 | 2.50 | 4.67 |
24 months | 4.41 | 6.36 | 0.99 | 3.19 | 0.92 | 2.74 | 1.83 | 3.66 | 3.40 | 6.30 |
48 months | 4.03 | 6.67 | 1.05 | 2.78 | 0.94 | 2.52 | 1.53 | 3.01 | 3.44 | 7.96 |
10 years | 6.66 | 8.24 | 0.46 | 1.86 | 1.03 | 2.29 | 1.78 | 3.25 | 3.07 | 5.69 |
20 years | 7.31 | 9.34 | 0.84 | 2.16 | 0.93 | 2.32 | 2.73 | 4.79 | 3.47 | 5.92 |
Disorganization | ||||||||||
baseline | 7.19 | 7.00 | 8.97 | 6.05 | 1.86 | 2.96 | 5.68 | 5.37 | 6.89 | 6.07 |
6 months | 2.99 | 5.14 | 1.61 | 3.00 | 0.89 | 1.37 | 0.70 | 1.15 | 2.08 | 2.64 |
24 months | 2.99 | 4.35 | 2.19 | 3.93 | 1.08 | 2.13 | 2.09 | 3.63 | 3.36 | 5.22 |
48 months | 3.65 | 4.87 | 2.34 | 4.22 | 0.73 | 1.86 | 0.47 | 1.02 | 2.33 | 3.07 |
10 years | 4.27 | 6.00 | 1.79 | 3.74 | 0.94 | 2.45 | 1.29 | 2.24 | 3.64 | 6.20 |
20 years | 6.16 | 7.28 | 3.21 | 5.22 | 2.45 | 4.33 | 2.07 | 3.76 | 5.71 | 6.32 |
Depression | ||||||||||
baseline | 17.04 | 5.02 | 16.85 | 5.13 | 22.21 | 5.23 | 16.96 | 5.83 | 16.42 | 5.10 |
6 months | 13.55 | 4.03 | 12.13 | 3.35 | 15.51 | 5.51 | 12.70 | 3.97 | 13.04 | 5.08 |
24 months | 13.20 | 4.46 | 11.16 | 3.47 | 12.86 | 5.27 | 12.52 | 4.67 | 13.72 | 5.00 |
48 months | 10.69 | 3.79 | 9.94 | 3.07 | 12.00 | 5.72 | 10.53 | 3.42 | 11.72 | 5.38 |
10 years | 11.92 | 3.76 | 10.99 | 3.47 | 13.35 | 5.10 | 12.55 | 4.27 | 11.37 | 3.25 |
20 years | 11.60 | 3.28 | 11.87 | 3.93 | 13.35 | 4.57 | 11.43 | 3.51 | 12.45 | 3.85 |
Mania/Excitement | ||||||||||
baseline | 1.49 | 1.00 | 2.13 | 1.39 | 1.07 | 0.34 | 1.96 | 1.34 | 1.78 | 1.22 |
6 months | 1.21 | 0.66 | 1.44 | 0.90 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.26 | 0.75 | 1.20 | 0.71 |
24 months | 1.22 | 0.65 | 1.41 | 0.92 | 1.14 | 0.48 | 1.22 | 0.60 | 1.48 | 1.08 |
48 months | 1.33 | 0.68 | 1.47 | 0.96 | 1.12 | 0.42 | 1.21 | 0.54 | 1.39 | 0.78 |
10 years | 1.29 | 0.80 | 1.35 | 0.90 | 1.15 | 0.48 | 1.57 | 1.20 | 1.59 | 1.37 |
20 years | 1.28 | 0.83 | 1.34 | 0.87 | 1.13 | 0.47 | 1.14 | 0.48 | 1.21 | 0.63 |
| ||||||||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| ||||||||||
Use antipsychotics | ||||||||||
baseline | 152 | 86.9% | 82 | 87.2% | 31 | 72.1% | 15 | 60.0% | 31 | 86.1% |
6 months | 148 | 84.6% | 63 | 67.0% | 24 | 55.8% | 9 | 36.0% | 20 | 55.6% |
24 months | 136 | 79.5% | 37 | 39.4% | 18 | 41.9% | 4 | 16.7% | 14 | 40.0% |
48 months | 122 | 70.1% | 32 | 34.0% | 10 | 23.3% | 4 | 16.0% | 12 | 33.3% |
10 years | 142 | 87.1% | 34 | 40.0% | 8 | 20.0% | 6 | 26.1% | 7 | 25.9% |
20 years | 117 | 81.8% | 30 | 36.1% | 10 | 25.0% | 4 | 20.0% | 10 | 37.0% |
Illness pattern over 20 years | ||||||||||
Single episode | 1 | 0.6% | 10 | 11.4% | 8 | 19.0% | 4 | 17.4% | 10 | 38.5% |
Multiple Episodes | 43 | 25.3% | 70 | 79.5% | 28 | 66.7% | 13 | 56.5% | 8 | 30.8% |
Continuous illness | 126 | 74.1% | 8 | 9.1% | 6 | 14.3% | 6 | 26.1% | 8 | 30.8% |
Note: For apathy-asociality, inexpressivity, reality distortion, and disorganization scales, zero indicates no symptoms; depression scale ranges from 9 (no symptoms) to 27; mania/excitement range from one (none) to seven (very severe). Sample size for symptom outcomes is N = 153, 148, 145, 166, and 175 for schizophrenia (6-month to 20–year wave, respectively); 83, 81, 82, 86, and 94 for bipolar disorder with psychosis; 38, 41, 40, 41, and 43 for psychotic depression; 26, 28, 23, 29, and 36 for substance-induced psychosis; and 23, 23, 21, 23, and 25 for other/undetermined psychoses.