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. 2018 Jan 9;8:2678. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02678

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Copyright © 2018 Novickij, Stanevičienė, Vepštaitė-Monstavičė, Gruškienė, Krivorotova, Sereikaitė, Novickij and Servienė.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Inactivation of E. coli and B. subtilis using different treatment protocols and nisin-loaded iron oxide NP with Ca as a capping agent (Nis-IONP-Ca), where PEF – 10 kV cm^-1 × 8 × 100 μs; EMF1 – 3.3 T × 50, 0.25 Hz; EMF2 – 10 mT, 100 kHz, 2 min. The number of residual culturable cells in the samples after the PEF treatment (CFU_T) was compared with ones in the control samples without treatment (CFU_C). The asterisk (^∗) represents statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference versus NPs only treatment. The asterisk (^∗∗) represents statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference versus PEF + NPs treatment.