Table 2.
Metabolite concentrations across different study groups (μM), ±SD.
| Metabolite name | p-value | HC | AD | BT | NPH |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stearic acid | 0.0003* | 395.95 ± 74.83 | 416.60 ± 64.02 | 497.30 ± 133.52a | 380.96 ± 133.99c |
| Oleic acid | 0.0003* | 32.75 ± 8.58 | 35.91 ± 7.94 | 47.28 ± 21.33a | 31.49 ± 16.21c |
| Linoleic acid | 0.3212 | 15.56 ± 2.79 | 15.71 ± 2.03 | 20.50 ± 9.03 | 13.54 ± 5.81a,b |
| Palmitic acid | 0.0002* | 93.89 ± 16.67 | 101.74 ± 22.12 | 122.70 ± 29.28a | 95.99 ± 27.23c |
| Citric acid | 0.0504* | 22.68 ± 9.93 | 19.95 ± 7.35 | 18.58 ± 8.39 | 24.64 ± 10.60 |
| Glutamic acid | 0.0369* | 10.05 ± 5.95 | 13.09 ± 6.80a | 10.72 ± 4.22 | 12.81 ± 6.76 |
| 3-Hydroxybutyric acid | 0.0307* | 19.61 ± 23.12 | 13.01 ± 11.54 | 29.09 ± 33.44b | 18.78 ± 13.70 |
| 2,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid | 0.7404 | 34.29 ± 21.30 | 47.05 ± 55.41 | 39.63 ± 22.63 | 31.10 ± 8.99 |
| Threonine | 0.0407* | 31.80 ± 10.18 | 31.63 ± 10.41 | 26.65 ± 7.13 | 35.39 ± 11.67c |
| Phenylalanine | 0.8666 | 21.41 ± 7.73 | 22.97 ± 8.03 | 23.01 ± 10.61 | 22.64 ± 10.64 |
| Serine | 0.0278* | 31.57 ± 8.97 | 30.70 ± 8.63 | 28.64 ± 8.23 | 37.26 ± 11.22c |
| Lactic acid | 0.0210* | 354.14 ± 109.76 | 403.70 ± 125.51 | 320.26 ± 137.24 | 390.39 ± 108.29 |
| Methionine | 0.7404 | 7.21 ± 2.77 | 7.46 ± 3.09 | 7.13 ± 1.63 | 7.59 ± 1.80 |
| Glycine | 0.2050 | 327.39 ± 126.63 | 349.69 ± 95.49 | 322.03 ± 110.43 | 376.68 ± 122.76 |
| Isoleucine | 0.8743 | 81.20 ± 29.51 | 81.86 ± 26.37 | 76.04 ± 29.64 | 85.49 ± 40.87 |
| Leucine | 0.7051 | 140.86 ± 53.35 | 141.68 ± 48.85 | 128.52 ± 48.38 | 147.08 ± 57.02 |
| Valine | 0.9686 | 335.79 ± 82.45 | 331.79 ± 84.95 | 330.35 ± 95.49 | 340.30 ± 92.07 |
| Proline | 0.5589 | 248.81 ± 95.98 | 252.63 ± 90.61 | 245.77 ± 209.66 | 233.13 ± 98.83 |
| Cholesterol | 0.1706 | 836.50 ± 209.61 | 847.78 ± 171.92 | 757.28 ± 219.13 | 886.58 ± 236.38 |
| Alanine | 0.0926* | 257.78 ± 83.89 | 281.41 ± 129.80 | 231.94 ± 138.55 | 279.44 ± 94.27 |
| Arachidonic acid | 0.6901 | 21.27 ± 5.40 | 21.10 ± 4.78 | 21.37 ± 8.80 | 20.96 ± 9.94 |
*
P-values are listed from the ANOVA analysis across all study group, and those with FDR q < 0.05 are marked with.
Post-hoc pairwise t-tests using the Bonferroni correction were performed across all pairs of study groups. Nominal P < 0.0167 are abbreviated as follows in underlined columns:
a
(HC vs. AD, HC vs. BT or HC vs. NPH),
b
(AD vs. BT or AD vs. NPH),
c
(BT vs. NPH). HC, healthy controls; AD, Alzheimer's disease; BT, brain tumor; NPH, normal pressure hydrocephalus.