Figure 3.

Platycodin D (PLD) inhibits LPS-induced NF-κB activation. Cells were treated with PLD (5, 10, 20 µM) for 12 h and stimulated with LPS (0.5 µg/mL) for 30 min. Protein samples were analyzed by western blotting. The antibodies used for western blotting were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). The values presented are the means ± SD of three independent experiments and differences between mean values were assessed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test (^#p < 0.05 vs. control group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. LPS group).