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. 2018 Jan 9;8:1929. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01929

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Cholesterol replenishment prevents the anti-inflammatory effect of platycodin D (PLD). Cells were treated with culture medium alone or medium containing PLD (5, 10, 20 µM) or MβCD (10 mM) at 37°C for 60 min. Subsequently the cells were washed with PBS and incubated with medium alone or medium containing water-soluble cholesterol (84 µg/ml) for 30 min. Cells were treated with LPS for 24 h. Levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. Effects of LXRα inhibitor geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) on the anti-inflammatory effects of PLD. Cells were treated with GGPP for 2 h. Then, the cells were treated with PLD for 12 h and stimulated by LPS. The productions of inflammatory cytokines were detected. The values presented are the means ± SD of three independent experiments and differences between mean values were assessed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test (#p < 0.05 vs. control group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. LPS group).