Table 1.

Summary of some immune changes associated with aging in innate and adaptive immune systems.

Features	Increase	Decrease	No change
Innate immunity
Phagocytosis	−	√	√
Free radical production	√	√	−
Chemotaxis	−	√	−
Cytokine production	√	−	−
Myeloid cell number	√	−	−
Adaptive immunity
Naïve cell number	−	√	−
Memory cell number	√	−	−
T regulatory cell number	√	−	−
T regulatory cell function	−	√	−
Proliferation	−	√	−
IL-2 production	−	√	−
B regulatory cell number/function	−	√	−
B cell immunoglobulin production	−	√	−
B cell autoantibody production	√	−	−

Changes are indicated with a checkmark (√) and, absence of changes with a horizontal bar (─).