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. 2018 Jan 10;11:136. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00136

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Copyright © 2018 Xu, Long, Chen, Cheng, Yu, Huang, Wang and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Electron micrographs (EMs) of capillaries in the control group (A). Endothelium is lightly shaded as green (A,B). Insets (A′, A″) below the image shows a relatively thin endothelial layer (A″) and intact TJs (white arrow in A′). EMs of capillaries in the compression group (B). Insets (B′,B″) show that the slightly swollen endothelium was densely packed with putative caveolae-like vesicles (arrowheads) on the luminal and abluminal sides. Several TJs in the compression group (white arrows in B′) were still intact. Histograms show that endothelial thickness (C) and vacuole formation (D) were significantly increased in the compression group. Vacuoles are expressed as vacuoles per 10 mm of the vascular endothelium circumference. The number of capillaries analyzed per group was 30, sampled from 12 rats per group. ^***P < 0.001 relative to controls.