Figure 6.

Effect of ionophores on chlamydial infection in cell culture. A and B, HeLa cells infected with C. trachomatis were treated with 2 μm monensin (Mon) or CCCP at 1 or 12 hpi and stained with HEMA 3 staining or immunofluorescence using anti-chlamydial antibodies (green) at 36 hpi. Hoechst was used for DNA labeling (blue in fluorescent images). Scale bars, 20 μm. C and E, area of the chlamydial inclusion was measured in >110 inclusions per condition, in six separate experiments using ImageJ. D and F, chlamydial infection rate represents the percentage of infected cells when treatment was applied at 1 hpi (D) or 12 hpi (F). >200 cells were quantified per condition of six to eight different experiments. Error bars represent standard deviation of the mean. Asterisks denote the significance from vehicle-treated control (Con). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.005.