Table 1.
Diagnostic Group Comparisons
| Variables, Mean (SD) | Healthy Controls, n = 60 | Individuals With Schizophrenia, n = 48 | t test/ Chi-Square |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 36.40 (12.96) | 35.12 (12.05) | t (106) = .524, P = .601 |
| Gender (male/female) | 36/24 | 33/15 | X 2 = .546, df = 1, P = .459 |
| Education (y) | 11.05 (3.22) | 10.31 (3.17) | t (106) = 1.19, P = .237 |
| BMI | 26.08 (4.40) | 25.96 (5.11) | t (90) = .126, P = .900 |
| Tobacco use (n/day) | 1.68 (5.26) | 10.46 (15.11) | t (102) = −4.073, P < .001* |
| Age of onset (y) | — | 22.45 (6.10) | — |
| Illness duration (y) | — | 12.74 (11.60) | — |
| BPRS | — | 14.88 (12.56) | — |
| Medication (%) | |||
| Typical antipsychotics | — | 15% | — |
| Atypical antipsychotics | — | 27% | — |
| Clozapine | — | 58% | — |
| HVLT-R total immediate recall | 24.53 (4.53) | 17.12 (5.61) | t (99) = 7.326, P < .001* |
| CCL11 levels | 815.51 (592.77) | 1531.18 (1251.87) | t (82) = −3.496, P < .001* |
| Telomere length | 1.36 (0.65) | 0.95 (0.41) | t (79) = 3.345, P = .001* |
| Total gray matter residual volumea | 21688.50 (28445.65) | −19137.55 (43403.48) | t (101) = 5.75, P < .001* |
Note: BMI, body mass index; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; HVLT-R, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test—Revised.
aIntracranial volume was regressed out.
*Statistically significant.