Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the 1588 Patients Included in the Study
| Characteristic | HCV Antibodies | P a | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown | Positive | Negative | |||||||
| n = 3 | HCV-RNA Positive n = 186 |
HCV-RNA Negative Posttreatment n = 292 |
HCV-RNA Negative Spontaneous Clearance n = 68 |
HCV-RNA Unknown n = 2 |
Total HCV-Positive n = 548 |
n = 1037 | n = 1588 | ||
| Male sex, n (%) | 3 (100.0) | 140 (75.3) | 233 (79.8) | 41 (60.3) | 1 (50.0) | 415 (75.7) | 805 (77.6) | .39 | 1223 (77.0) |
| Age years, mean (SD) | 51 (4) | 50 (7) | 52 (6) | 51 (8) | 50 (5) | 51 (7) | 47 (12) | <.001 | 49 (11) |
| HIV transmission category, n (%) | |||||||||
| Injection drug use | 0 | 140 (75.3) | 231 (79.1) | 44 (64.7) | 2 (100.0) | 417 (76.1) | 53 (5.1) | <.001 | 470 (29.6) |
| Heterosexual | 0 | 22 (11.8) | 22 (7.5) | 14 (20.6) | 0 | 58 (10.6) | 318 (30.7) | 376 (23.7) | |
| Men who have sex with men | 3 (100.0) | 12 (6.4) | 14 (4.8) | 4 (5.9) | 0 | 30 (5.5) | 523 (50.4) | 556 (35.0) | |
| Contaminated blood products | 0 | 2 (1.1) | 2 (0.7) | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.7) | 1 (0.1) | 5 (0.3) | |
| Mother-to-child transmission | 0 | 2 (1.1) | 0 | 1 (1.5) | 0 | 3 (0.5) | 8 (0.8) | 11 (0.7) | |
| Other | 0 | 8 (4.3) | 23 (7.9) | 5 (7.3) | 0 | 36 (6.6) | 134 (12.9) | 170 (10.7) | |
| HBsAg, n (%) | |||||||||
| Negative | 1 (33.3) | 171 (91.9) | 278 (95.2) | 64 (94.1) | 2 (100.0) | 515 (94.0) | 973 (93.8) | .019 | 1489 (93.8) |
| Positive | 0 | 5 (2.7) | 5 (1.7) | 4 (5.9) | 0 | 14 (2.5) | 46 (4.4) | 60 (3.8) | |
| Unknown | 2 (66.7) | 10 (5.4) | 9 (3.1) | 0 | 0 | 19 (3.5) | 18 (1.7) | 39 (2.5) | |
| CDC clinical category C, n (%) | 0 | 54 (29.0) | 92 (31.5) | 20 (29.4) | 0 | 166 (30.3) | 236 (22.8) | .001 | 402 (25.3) |
| cART, n (%) | 3 (100.0) | 181 (97.3) | 289 (99.0) | 66 (97.1) | 2 (100.0) | 538 (98.2) | 994 (95.8) | .014 | 1535 (96.7) |
| Type of cART regimen, n (%) | |||||||||
| 2 NRTI + 1 NNRTI | 1 (33.3) | 45 (24.9) | 75 (25.9) | 16 (24.2) | 0 | 136 (25.2) | 376 (37.8) | <.001 | 513 (33.4) |
| 2 NRTI + 1 PI | 0 | 32 (17.7) | 31 (10.7) | 9 (13.6) | 1 (50.0) | 74 (13.7) | 118 (11.9) | 191 (12.4) | |
| 2 NRTI + 1 integrase inhibitor | 2 (66.7) | 61 (33.7) | 101 (34.9) | 21 (31.8) | 0 | 183 (33.9) | 312 (31.4) | 497 (32.4) | |
| PI-based monotherapy | 0 | 13 (7.2) | 19 (6.6) | 4 (6.1) | 0 | 36 (6.7) | 49 (4.9) | 85 (5.5) | |
| PI-based bitherapy | 0 | 15 (8.3) | 30 (10.4) | 8 (12.1) | 0 | 53 (9.8) | 56 (5.6) | 109 (7.1) | |
| Other | 0 | 15 (8.3) | 33 (11.4) | 8 (12.1) | 1 (50.0) | 57 (10.6) | 83 (8.3) | 140 (9.1) | |
| Category of cART regimen, n (%) | |||||||||
| First-line therapy | 0 | 15 (8.3) | 17 (5.9) | 7 (10.6) | 0 | 39 (7.2) | 228 (22.9) | <.001 | 267 (17.4) |
| Switch unrelated to toxicity/ failure | 1 (33.3) | 100 (55.2) | 168 (58.1) | 28 (42.4) | 1 (50.0) | 298 (55.3) | 436 (43.9) | 734 (47.8) | |
| Switch after failure | 0 | 24 (13.3) | 19 (6.6) | 8 (12.1) | 1 (50.0) | 52 (9.6) | 60 (6.0) | 112 (7.3) | |
| Switch after toxicity | 2 (66.7) | 40 (22.1) | 80 (27.7) | 22 (33.3) | 0 | 142 (26.3) | 240 (24.1) | 384 (25.0) | |
| Unknown | 0 | 2 (1.1) | 5 (1.7) | 1 (1.5) | 0 | 8 (1.5) | 30 (3.0) | 38 (2.5) | |
| HIV-RNA copies/mL, n (%) | |||||||||
| All patients | |||||||||
| <50 | 3 (100.0) | 158 (84.9) | 276 (94.5) | 57 (83.8) | 2 (100.0) | 493 (90.0) | 926 (89.3) | .15 | 1422 (89.5) |
| 50–200 | 0 | 7 (3.8) | 9 (3.1) | 7 (10.3) | 0 | 23 (4.2) | 30 (2.9) | 53 (3.3) | |
| >200 | 0 | 21 (11.3) | 7 (2.4) | 4 (5.9) | 0 | 32 (5.8) | 81 (7.8) | 113 (7.1) | |
| Patients on cART | |||||||||
| <50 | 3 (100.0) | 157 (86.7) | 273 (94.5) | 56 (84.8) | 2 (100.0) | 488 (90.7) | 924 (93.0) | .28 | 1415 (92.2) |
| 50–200 | 0 | 7 (3.9) | 9 (3.1) | 7 (10.6) | 0 | 23 (4.3) | 30 (3.0) | 53 (3.4) | |
| >200 | 0 | 17 (9.4) | 7 (2.4) | 3 (4.5) | 0 | 27 (5.0) | 40 (4.0) | 67 (4.4) | |
| CD4+ T cells/µL, median (IQR) | |||||||||
| All patients | 744 (522–805) | 600 (372–826) | 680 (455–909) | 764 (438–925) | 205 (185–225) | 654 (429–882) | 671 (492–904) | .045 | 670 (470–895) |
| Patients on cART | 744 (522–805) | 605 (390–826) | 684 (455–911) | 764 (448–925) | 205 (185–225) | 659 (431–886) | 678 (495–910) | .039 | 670 (472–897) |
Abbreviations: cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; HBsAg, hepatitis B virus surface antigen; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; PI, protease inhibitor; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; RNA, ribonucleic acid; SD, standard deviation.
a
P values for the comparisons between HCV-positive patients (n = 548) and HCV-negative patients (n = 1037) derived from the χ2 test for independence for categorical variables and the t test or the Mann-Whitney test for normally or nonnormally distributed continuous variables, respectively.