Effects of COE on maspin expression in MGC-803 cells. (A) COE increases the maspin protein in MGC-803 cells in a dose-dependent manner. (B) The effect of COE on maspin mRNA expression in MGC-803 cells was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (C) The MTT assay was used to measure the viability of MGC-803/maspin− cells following treatment with COE (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 µg/ml) for 24 h. (D) Morphological changes between wild-type MGC803 cells and maspin siRNA-transfected MGC803 cells treated with COE (0, 20, 40 and 80 µg/ml) for 24 h (magnification, ×100). The values are represented as the mean ± standard deviation of at least three independent experiments. #P<0.05 and ##P<0.01 compared with the control. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 compared with maspin siRNA-transfected cells. COE, Celastrus orbiculatus extract; siRNA, small interfering RNA.